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Claim of revenue expenditure for installing Dust Extraction Units to Carding Machines for the assessment year 1975-76. Analysis: The appeal centered around the classification of the expenditure incurred for installing Dust Extraction Units to Carding Machines as revenue or capital expenditure for the assessment year 1975-76. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) initially disallowed the claim for deduction, considering the Dust Extraction Units as providing an enduring benefit due to increased efficiency and worker safety. The assessee contended that the units were accessories and did not provide enduring benefits, citing a decision by the Madras High Court. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) upheld the ITO's decision, emphasizing that the units were independent devices and did not replace old parts. However, in the further appeal, the assessee argued that the units were designed as accessories, had a shorter lifespan than the Carding Machines, and replaced manual cleaning expenses, benefiting worker safety. The Revenue argued that the units were durable assets attached to machinery, making the expenditure capital in nature. They distinguished the case from a previous judgment involving machinery replacement. The Appellate Tribunal, after considering the arguments, ruled in favor of the assessee. They noted that the Dust Extraction Units were accessories designed to extract dust from Carding Machines and could only operate in conjunction with them. Despite being attached, the units had a separate lifespan and were not integral to the Carding Machines. The Tribunal emphasized that the expenditure was necessary to remove dust previously cleaned manually, benefiting worker safety and health. The expenditure did not result in increased production efficiency. Therefore, the Tribunal concluded that the expenditure was revenue in nature, replacing manual cleaning costs and ensuring worker safety. As a result, the ITO was directed to allow the claim for deduction and recalculate the total income for the assessment year. In conclusion, the judgment revolved around the characterization of expenditure on Dust Extraction Units as revenue or capital. The Tribunal determined that the units, though attached, were accessories with a separate function and lifespan, necessitating the expenditure for worker safety and health. The decision highlighted the distinction between enduring benefits and necessary expenditure, ultimately allowing the claim for deduction and directing the ITO to adjust the total income accordingly.
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