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Challenge to notice for reopening wealth-tax assessment for assessment year 1983-84 based on valuation discrepancies and lack of disclosure of reasons for reopening. Analysis: The judgment involves a writ application challenging a notice dated May 20, 1992, for reopening the wealth-tax assessment of the petitioner for the assessment year 1983-84. The notice did not disclose the reason for reopening, which is a common practice. The main ground for reopening was the significant disparity in the valuation of the petitioner's property for the subsequent assessment year compared to the assessment year in question. The petitioner had filed the wealth-tax return for the assessment year 1983-84 on March 19, 1984. The petitioner had also succeeded in challenging large valuations for subsequent assessment years at the appellate stage. The core issue was whether the notice of reopening was justifiable under the Wealth-tax Act, 1957, considering the passage of four years since the assessment. The key condition for reopening was the failure of the assessee to disclose all material facts necessary for assessment. The judgment delves into the interpretation of what constitutes a material fact necessary for assessment. It emphasizes that reopening can only be based on the suppression or erroneous representation of such material facts by the assessee. The court highlighted that if an assessment has been completed based on disclosed material facts and there is no indication of non-disclosure or erroneous disclosure, the department cannot reopen the assessment. The judgment stresses that for reopening to be valid, the department must demonstrate at least one substantial fact that was both material and necessary for assessment, and the assessee failed to disclose it correctly. The court clarified that mere materiality is not sufficient; the fact must be essential for any assessment to be conducted. Furthermore, the judgment distinguishes between the operations of the Income-tax and Wealth-tax Departments and courts of law. It explains that the departments have a more inquisitorial nature, allowing them to request further materials or proceed as per their opinion on the correct application of laws or valuation methods. The judgment concludes that in this case, there was no default on the part of the petitioner in disclosing necessary material facts for assessment. As the assessment was completed without any evident non-disclosure or erroneous disclosure, the court ruled in favor of the petitioner, quashing the reopening notice and any related actions taken under it. The judgment emphasizes the finality of completed assessments and the necessity for reopening to adhere strictly to the statutory provisions.
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