1993 (1) TMI 255 - SC - Indian Laws

Whether an authority enjoys immunity from disciplinary proceedings with respect to matters decided by him in exercise of quasi-judicial functions? Whether the act or omission was committed by the appellant in the course of the discharge of his duties as servant of the Government? Held that - Appeal allowed. As for a mere technical violation or merely because the order is wrong and the action not falling under the above enumerated instances, disciplinary action is not warranted. Here, we may utter a word of caution. Each case will depend upon the facts and no absolute rule can be postulated. It is open to the respondent to put forth all defenses open to him in the departmental inquiry which will be considered on its merit.

Summary

Issues Involved:
1. Validity of disciplinary proceedings against the respondent for actions taken while performing quasi-judicial functions.
2. Appropriateness of opening the sealed cover for promotion during pending disciplinary proceedings.
3. Applicability of previous case law to the current situation.
4. Allegations of misconduct and the scope of Rule 3(1) of the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:

1. Validity of Disciplinary Proceedings Against the Respondent for Actions Taken While Performing Quasi-Judicial Functions:
The respondent, an Income Tax Officer, was charged with completing nine assessments in an irregular manner, in undue haste, and with a view to conferring undue favor upon the assessees, thus violating Rules 3(1)(i), 3(1)(ii), and 3(1)(iii) of the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964. The Tribunal initially quashed the disciplinary proceedings, relying on the notion that the respondent's actions were quasi-judicial and should not form the basis of disciplinary action. However, the Supreme Court held that disciplinary proceedings could indeed be initiated against a government servant even with regard to the exercise of quasi-judicial powers if the actions reflect on the reputation for integrity, good faith, or devotion to duty, or if there is prima facie material showing recklessness, misconduct, or improper motives.

2. Appropriateness of Opening the Sealed Cover for Promotion During Pending Disciplinary Proceedings:
The Tribunal had directed the Union of India to open the sealed cover and implement the recommendations of the Departmental Promotion Committee, promoting the respondent if found fit. The Supreme Court, however, found this inappropriate as it would amount to putting a premium on misconduct. The Court emphasized that disciplinary proceedings should be given due consideration before such promotions are finalized.

3. Applicability of Previous Case Law to the Current Situation:
The Tribunal had relied on the Supreme Court's decision in Civil Appeal Nos. 4986-87/90, which held that no disciplinary action could be taken for actions taken in a quasi-judicial capacity. The Supreme Court clarified that this observation was made in the context of the specific facts of that case, where the charges were not proven. The Court distinguished this case from the current one, where there were specific allegations of conferring undue favor, warranting disciplinary action.

4. Allegations of Misconduct and the Scope of Rule 3(1) of the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964:
The Supreme Court examined the allegations against the respondent in light of Rule 3(1) of the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, which mandates that every government servant shall maintain absolute integrity, devotion to duty, and conduct unbecoming of a government servant. The Court held that the respondent's conduct, as alleged, fell within the scope of these rules, justifying disciplinary proceedings. The Court further elaborated that disciplinary action is warranted in cases where the officer's actions reflect on his reputation for integrity, show recklessness or misconduct, or indicate an improper motive.

Conclusion:
The Supreme Court allowed the appeals, setting aside the Tribunal's orders and reinstating the disciplinary proceedings against the respondent. The Court emphasized the importance of maintaining the integrity and impartiality of government servants, especially those performing quasi-judicial functions. The respondent was granted the opportunity to present his defense in the departmental inquiry, which would be considered on its merits.