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2019 (2) TMI 547 - SC - Indian Laws


  1. 2024 (10) TMI 264 - SC
  2. 2024 (8) TMI 468 - SC
  3. 2023 (10) TMI 418 - SC
  4. 2023 (1) TMI 794 - SC
  5. 2022 (11) TMI 1322 - SC
  6. 2022 (9) TMI 264 - SC
  7. 2021 (12) TMI 377 - SC
  8. 2021 (2) TMI 505 - SC
  9. 2019 (11) TMI 550 - SC
  10. 2024 (10) TMI 1121 - HC
  11. 2024 (10) TMI 972 - HC
  12. 2024 (10) TMI 377 - HC
  13. 2024 (9) TMI 1404 - HC
  14. 2024 (9) TMI 1238 - HC
  15. 2024 (9) TMI 104 - HC
  16. 2024 (8) TMI 1046 - HC
  17. 2024 (9) TMI 102 - HC
  18. 2024 (5) TMI 1103 - HC
  19. 2024 (2) TMI 1075 - HC
  20. 2024 (2) TMI 811 - HC
  21. 2024 (1) TMI 666 - HC
  22. 2024 (1) TMI 3 - HC
  23. 2023 (12) TMI 947 - HC
  24. 2023 (12) TMI 1235 - HC
  25. 2023 (12) TMI 162 - HC
  26. 2023 (12) TMI 107 - HC
  27. 2023 (11) TMI 671 - HC
  28. 2023 (11) TMI 1120 - HC
  29. 2023 (11) TMI 716 - HC
  30. 2023 (10) TMI 1248 - HC
  31. 2023 (10) TMI 717 - HC
  32. 2023 (9) TMI 1248 - HC
  33. 2023 (10) TMI 585 - HC
  34. 2023 (9) TMI 406 - HC
  35. 2023 (9) TMI 405 - HC
  36. 2023 (8) TMI 1288 - HC
  37. 2023 (8) TMI 1127 - HC
  38. 2023 (8) TMI 4 - HC
  39. 2023 (7) TMI 1232 - HC
  40. 2023 (8) TMI 343 - HC
  41. 2023 (8) TMI 240 - HC
  42. 2023 (7) TMI 760 - HC
  43. 2023 (7) TMI 294 - HC
  44. 2023 (6) TMI 1149 - HC
  45. 2023 (6) TMI 840 - HC
  46. 2023 (5) TMI 800 - HC
  47. 2023 (5) TMI 324 - HC
  48. 2023 (2) TMI 822 - HC
  49. 2023 (2) TMI 1226 - HC
  50. 2023 (8) TMI 649 - HC
  51. 2023 (8) TMI 461 - HC
  52. 2023 (1) TMI 928 - HC
  53. 2022 (12) TMI 593 - HC
  54. 2022 (11) TMI 1085 - HC
  55. 2022 (11) TMI 1373 - HC
  56. 2022 (11) TMI 854 - HC
  57. 2022 (11) TMI 1082 - HC
  58. 2022 (11) TMI 493 - HC
  59. 2022 (11) TMI 491 - HC
  60. 2022 (11) TMI 89 - HC
  61. 2022 (11) TMI 37 - HC
  62. 2022 (11) TMI 490 - HC
  63. 2022 (11) TMI 144 - HC
  64. 2022 (11) TMI 279 - HC
  65. 2022 (10) TMI 260 - HC
  66. 2022 (11) TMI 395 - HC
  67. 2022 (10) TMI 4 - HC
  68. 2022 (9) TMI 1118 - HC
  69. 2022 (11) TMI 88 - HC
  70. 2022 (8) TMI 821 - HC
  71. 2022 (7) TMI 515 - HC
  72. 2022 (6) TMI 1208 - HC
  73. 2022 (6) TMI 910 - HC
  74. 2022 (6) TMI 199 - HC
  75. 2022 (5) TMI 1391 - HC
  76. 2022 (6) TMI 296 - HC
  77. 2022 (6) TMI 487 - HC
  78. 2022 (4) TMI 1201 - HC
  79. 2022 (6) TMI 367 - HC
  80. 2022 (4) TMI 1149 - HC
  81. 2022 (4) TMI 1148 - HC
  82. 2022 (4) TMI 926 - HC
  83. 2022 (4) TMI 1146 - HC
  84. 2022 (4) TMI 63 - HC
  85. 2022 (4) TMI 1145 - HC
  86. 2022 (4) TMI 356 - HC
  87. 2022 (3) TMI 1402 - HC
  88. 2022 (3) TMI 96 - HC
  89. 2022 (3) TMI 448 - HC
  90. 2022 (2) TMI 132 - HC
  91. 2022 (6) TMI 783 - HC
  92. 2022 (1) TMI 804 - HC
  93. 2022 (2) TMI 85 - HC
  94. 2021 (12) TMI 1230 - HC
  95. 2021 (12) TMI 668 - HC
  96. 2021 (12) TMI 279 - HC
  97. 2021 (12) TMI 234 - HC
  98. 2021 (12) TMI 66 - HC
  99. 2021 (11) TMI 988 - HC
  100. 2021 (11) TMI 987 - HC
  101. 2021 (11) TMI 983 - HC
  102. 2021 (11) TMI 548 - HC
  103. 2021 (9) TMI 88 - HC
  104. 2021 (8) TMI 1138 - HC
  105. 2021 (7) TMI 1435 - HC
  106. 2021 (7) TMI 739 - HC
  107. 2021 (7) TMI 819 - HC
  108. 2021 (7) TMI 310 - HC
  109. 2021 (6) TMI 958 - HC
  110. 2021 (6) TMI 996 - HC
  111. 2021 (6) TMI 994 - HC
  112. 2021 (6) TMI 678 - HC
  113. 2021 (5) TMI 808 - HC
  114. 2021 (6) TMI 464 - HC
  115. 2021 (4) TMI 748 - HC
  116. 2021 (4) TMI 36 - HC
  117. 2021 (8) TMI 375 - HC
  118. 2021 (6) TMI 291 - HC
  119. 2021 (6) TMI 221 - HC
  120. 2021 (3) TMI 1135 - HC
  121. 2021 (3) TMI 1134 - HC
  122. 2021 (3) TMI 569 - HC
  123. 2021 (3) TMI 888 - HC
  124. 2021 (7) TMI 736 - HC
  125. 2021 (1) TMI 306 - HC
  126. 2021 (1) TMI 262 - HC
  127. 2020 (12) TMI 1008 - HC
  128. 2021 (2) TMI 963 - HC
  129. 2021 (2) TMI 962 - HC
  130. 2021 (2) TMI 960 - HC
  131. 2021 (1) TMI 65 - HC
  132. 2020 (12) TMI 413 - HC
  133. 2020 (12) TMI 1002 - HC
  134. 2020 (11) TMI 892 - HC
  135. 2020 (12) TMI 62 - HC
  136. 2020 (11) TMI 891 - HC
  137. 2020 (11) TMI 889 - HC
  138. 2020 (11) TMI 503 - HC
  139. 2020 (11) TMI 399 - HC
  140. 2020 (11) TMI 429 - HC
  141. 2020 (10) TMI 726 - HC
  142. 2020 (10) TMI 312 - HC
  143. 2020 (9) TMI 638 - HC
  144. 2020 (6) TMI 545 - HC
  145. 2020 (5) TMI 717 - HC
  146. 2020 (3) TMI 1341 - HC
  147. 2020 (3) TMI 987 - HC
  148. 2020 (3) TMI 986 - HC
  149. 2020 (2) TMI 1023 - HC
  150. 2020 (1) TMI 1471 - HC
  151. 2020 (1) TMI 1693 - HC
  152. 2020 (1) TMI 1352 - HC
  153. 2020 (1) TMI 1291 - HC
  154. 2020 (1) TMI 553 - HC
  155. 2019 (12) TMI 1451 - HC
  156. 2019 (12) TMI 386 - HC
  157. 2019 (10) TMI 362 - HC
  158. 2019 (9) TMI 1210 - HC
  159. 2019 (9) TMI 883 - HC
  160. 2019 (7) TMI 1642 - HC
  161. 2019 (7) TMI 1338 - HC
  162. 2019 (6) TMI 749 - HC
  163. 2019 (4) TMI 114 - HC
  164. 2021 (4) TMI 994 - Tri
Issues Involved:
1. Whether the High Court was right in reversing the concurrent factual findings of the Trial Court and Appellate Court in exercise of its revisional jurisdiction.
2. Whether a revisional Court can interfere with an order of conviction in the absence of any jurisdictional error or error of law.
3. Whether the payee of a cheque is disentitled to the benefit of the presumption under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, merely because of a fiduciary relationship with the drawer.

Detailed Analysis:

1. Reversal of Concurrent Factual Findings by High Court:
The Supreme Court scrutinized whether the High Court was justified in reversing the concurrent factual findings of the Trial Court and Appellate Court. Both lower courts found that the respondent-accused had issued a cheque for ?15 lakhs to the appellant-complainant in discharge of a debt or liability, which was dishonored due to insufficient funds. The High Court, however, acquitted the respondent-accused, citing a fiduciary relationship between the parties and doubting the complainant's claim of advancing a loan without formal documentation.

2. Revisional Court’s Interference with Conviction:
The Supreme Court reiterated that the revisional jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code does not permit the High Court to upset concurrent factual findings in the absence of perversity. The Court emphasized that it is not the role of the Revisional Court to re-analyze or re-interpret the evidence on record. The Court cited precedents stating that even if a wrong order is passed by a court having jurisdiction, the Revisional Court should not interfere unless there is a jurisdictional error.

3. Presumption under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act:
The Supreme Court clarified that Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act mandates a presumption that the holder of a cheque received it for the discharge of a debt or liability unless the contrary is proved. This presumption is rebuttable, but the onus of proof lies on the accused. The Court referenced several cases to underline that mere denial or rebuttal by the accused is insufficient; the accused must provide cogent evidence to prove the absence of debt or liability.

The Court observed that the High Court had misconstrued Section 139 by placing the burden of proof on the appellant-complainant rather than the respondent-accused. The Supreme Court noted that the existence of a fiduciary relationship does not negate the presumption under Section 139 unless there is evidence of undue influence or coercion.

Conclusion:
The Supreme Court concluded that the High Court had erred in its judgment by reversing the findings of the lower courts and misinterpreting the legal provisions under the Negotiable Instruments Act. The appeals were allowed, and the High Court’s judgment was set aside. The conviction of the respondent-accused under Section 138 was confirmed, but the sentence was modified to a fine of ?16 lakhs to be paid as compensation to the appellant-complainant, with a provision for imprisonment if the fine was not paid within eight weeks.

 

 

 

 

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