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2019 (4) TMI 660 - SC - Indian Laws


  1. 2024 (5) TMI 661 - SC
  2. 2023 (10) TMI 418 - SC
  3. 2023 (1) TMI 794 - SC
  4. 2022 (3) TMI 797 - SC
  5. 2021 (12) TMI 377 - SC
  6. 2021 (9) TMI 1159 - SC
  7. 2021 (2) TMI 505 - SC
  8. 2020 (2) TMI 629 - SC
  9. 2024 (10) TMI 1121 - HC
  10. 2024 (10) TMI 377 - HC
  11. 2024 (10) TMI 137 - HC
  12. 2024 (8) TMI 1046 - HC
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  21. 2024 (5) TMI 1320 - HC
  22. 2024 (1) TMI 666 - HC
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  24. 2023 (12) TMI 947 - HC
  25. 2023 (11) TMI 1120 - HC
  26. 2023 (11) TMI 458 - HC
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  36. 2023 (8) TMI 527 - HC
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  40. 2023 (4) TMI 121 - HC
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  42. 2023 (1) TMI 503 - HC
  43. 2022 (12) TMI 233 - HC
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  47. 2022 (10) TMI 260 - HC
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  50. 2022 (7) TMI 1114 - HC
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  52. 2022 (7) TMI 973 - HC
  53. 2022 (7) TMI 1491 - HC
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  55. 2022 (6) TMI 1209 - HC
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  57. 2022 (6) TMI 1131 - HC
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  60. 2022 (6) TMI 487 - HC
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  63. 2022 (4) TMI 1349 - HC
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  65. 2022 (3) TMI 683 - HC
  66. 2022 (2) TMI 132 - HC
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  70. 2021 (12) TMI 1230 - HC
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  73. 2021 (12) TMI 786 - HC
  74. 2021 (12) TMI 234 - HC
  75. 2021 (12) TMI 274 - HC
  76. 2022 (1) TMI 53 - HC
  77. 2021 (11) TMI 652 - HC
  78. 2021 (11) TMI 455 - HC
  79. 2021 (11) TMI 278 - HC
  80. 2021 (10) TMI 1359 - HC
  81. 2021 (11) TMI 447 - HC
  82. 2022 (1) TMI 556 - HC
  83. 2021 (12) TMI 893 - HC
  84. 2021 (8) TMI 826 - HC
  85. 2021 (8) TMI 476 - HC
  86. 2021 (7) TMI 432 - HC
  87. 2021 (6) TMI 465 - HC
  88. 2021 (6) TMI 464 - HC
  89. 2021 (4) TMI 33 - HC
  90. 2021 (4) TMI 651 - HC
  91. 2021 (3) TMI 1228 - HC
  92. 2021 (3) TMI 1135 - HC
  93. 2021 (6) TMI 220 - HC
  94. 2021 (3) TMI 569 - HC
  95. 2021 (2) TMI 1243 - HC
  96. 2021 (2) TMI 199 - HC
  97. 2021 (2) TMI 966 - HC
  98. 2021 (1) TMI 1214 - HC
  99. 2021 (1) TMI 21 - HC
  100. 2020 (12) TMI 1007 - HC
  101. 2020 (12) TMI 1002 - HC
  102. 2020 (11) TMI 889 - HC
  103. 2020 (11) TMI 431 - HC
  104. 2020 (11) TMI 428 - HC
  105. 2020 (11) TMI 1121 - HC
  106. 2020 (11) TMI 395 - HC
  107. 2020 (5) TMI 717 - HC
  108. 2020 (5) TMI 446 - HC
  109. 2020 (6) TMI 9 - HC
  110. 2020 (4) TMI 412 - HC
  111. 2020 (3) TMI 515 - HC
  112. 2020 (2) TMI 1516 - HC
  113. 2020 (2) TMI 1023 - HC
  114. 2020 (9) TMI 592 - HC
  115. 2020 (5) TMI 340 - HC
  116. 2020 (1) TMI 600 - HC
  117. 2020 (1) TMI 574 - HC
  118. 2020 (1) TMI 510 - HC
  119. 2020 (1) TMI 553 - HC
  120. 2020 (1) TMI 1 - HC
  121. 2019 (12) TMI 386 - HC
  122. 2019 (11) TMI 370 - HC
  123. 2019 (10) TMI 1578 - HC
  124. 2019 (10) TMI 223 - HC
  125. 2019 (8) TMI 822 - HC
  126. 2019 (7) TMI 1821 - HC
  127. 2019 (7) TMI 1642 - HC
  128. 2019 (1) TMI 1699 - HC
Issues Involved:
1. Conviction under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.
2. Presumption under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.
3. Financial capacity of the complainant.
4. Rebuttal of presumption by the accused.
5. High Court's judgment being termed perverse by the trial court.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:

1. Conviction under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881:
The appeal challenges the High Court of Karnataka's judgment convicting the accused under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, and sentencing him to a fine of ?8,00,000/- or, in default, to undergo simple imprisonment for three months. The High Court had overturned the trial court's acquittal of the accused.

2. Presumption under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881:
The complainant presented a cheque dated 27.02.2012 for ?6,00,000/-, which was dishonored due to insufficient funds. The accused admitted the signature on the cheque, raising a presumption under Section 139 that the cheque was issued for the discharge of a debt or liability. The presumption is rebuttable, and the burden shifts to the accused to raise a probable defense.

3. Financial Capacity of the Complainant:
The trial court questioned the financial capacity of the complainant, a retired bus conductor who retired in 1997 with retirement benefits of ?8,00,000/-. The complainant's financial capacity was critical, given that he allegedly lent ?6,00,000/- to the accused and had made other significant financial transactions. The trial court found the complainant's financial capacity questionable, raising doubts about the transaction.

4. Rebuttal of Presumption by the Accused:
The accused successfully raised a probable defense by questioning the complainant's financial capacity and presenting evidence of other financial transactions by the complainant. The trial court held that the accused had created reasonable doubt about the existence of a legally enforceable debt or liability, leading to the acquittal of the accused. The High Court's reversal of this acquittal was based on its interpretation of the evidence and the presumption under Section 139.

5. High Court's Judgment Being Termed Perverse by the Trial Court:
The High Court termed the trial court's findings as perverse, stating that the complainant's failure to prove his financial capacity was not a sufficient basis for acquittal. However, the Supreme Court noted that the trial court's findings were based on evidence and that the High Court's characterization of these findings as perverse was unsustainable. The Supreme Court emphasized that the burden of proof on the accused under Section 139 is not as heavy as on the prosecution and that the accused had successfully raised a probable defense.

Conclusion:
The Supreme Court allowed the appeal, setting aside the High Court's judgment and restoring the trial court's acquittal of the accused. The Court held that the accused had raised a probable defense, and the High Court erred in overturning the trial court's judgment based on the evidence presented.

 

 

 

 

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