Section 79 - Carry forward and set off of losses in case of certain companies - Income-tax Act, 1961

7 [Carry forward and set off of losses in case of certain companies. 79. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Chapter, where a change in shareholding has taken place during the previous year in the case of a company, not being a company in which the public are substantially interested, no loss incurred in any year prior to the previous year shall be carried forward and set off against the income of the previous year, unless on the last day of the previous year, the shares of the company carrying not less than fifty-one per cent. of the voting power were beneficially held by persons who beneficially held shares of the company carrying not less than fifty-one per cent. of the voting power on the last day of the year or years in which the loss was incurred: Provided that even if the said condition is not satisfied in case of an eligible start up as referred to in section 80-IAC, the loss incurred in any year prior to the previous year shall be allowed to be carried forward and set off against the income of the previous year if all the shareholders of such company who held shares carrying voting power on the last day of the year or years in which the loss was incurred, continue to hold those shares on the last day of such previous year and such loss has been incurred during the period of 12 [ ten ] years beginning from the year in which such company is incorporated. (2) Nothing contained in sub-section (1) shall apply, (a) to a case where a change in the said voting power and shareholding takes place in a previous year consequent upon the death of a shareholder or on account of transfer of shares by way of gift to any relative of the shareholder making such gift; (b) to any change in the shareholding of an Indian company which is a subsidiary of a foreign company as a result of amalgamation or demerger of a foreign company subject to the condition that fifty-one per cent. shareholders of amalgamating or demerged foreign company continue to be the shareholders of the amalgamated or the resulting foreign company; (c) to a company where a change in the shareholding takes place in a previous year pursuant to a resolution plan approved under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (31 of 2016.), after affording a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the jurisdictional Principal Commissioner or Commissioner; (d) to a company, and its subsidiary and the subsidiary of such subsidiary, where, (i) the Tribunal, on an application moved by the Central Government under section 241 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013.), has suspended the Board of Directors of such company and has appointed new directors nominated by the Central Government, under section 242 of the said Act; and (ii) a change in shareholding of such company, and its subsidiary and the subsidiary of such subsidiary, has taken place in a previous year pursuant to a resolution plan approved by the Tribunal under section 242 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013.) after affording a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the jurisdictional Principal Commissioner or Commissioner. 8 [ (e) to a company to the extent that a change in the shareholding has taken place during the previous year on account of relocation referred to in the Explanation to clauses (viiac) and (viiad) of section 47. ] 9 [ (f) to an erstwhile public sector company subject to the condition that the ultimate holding company of such company, immediately after the completion of strategic disinvestment, continues to hold, directly or through its subsidiary or subsidiaries, at least fifty-one per cent. of the voting power of such company in aggregate. ] 10 [ (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2), if the condition specified in clause (f) of the said sub-section is not complied with in any previous year after the completion of strategic disinvestment, the provisions of sub-section (1) shall apply for such previous year and subsequent previous years. ] Explanation . For the purposes of this section, (i) a company shall be a subsidiary of another company, if such other company holds more than half in nominal value of the equity share capital of the company; 11 [ (ia) erstwhile public sector company shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in clause (ii) of the Explanation to clause (d) of sub-section (1) of section 72A; (ib) strategic disinvestment shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in clause (iii) of the Explanation to clause (d) of sub-section (1) of section 72A; ] (ii) Tribunal shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (90) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013.). ] ******************** Notes :- 1. or omitted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. 2. Inserted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. 3. Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000. 4. Omitted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Prior to omission clause (b) was amended by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988. 5. Substituted vide THE FINANCE ACT, 2017 w.e.f. 1st day of April, 2018 before it was read as, Carry forward and set off of losses in the case of certain companies. 79. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Chapter, where a change in shareholding has taken place in a previous year in the case of a company, not being a company in which the public are substantially interested, no loss incurred in any year prior to the previous year shall be carried forward and set off against the income of the previous year unless- ( a ) on the last day of the previous year the shares of the company carrying not less than fifty-one per cent of the voting power were beneficially held by persons who beneficially held shares of the company carrying not less than fifty-one per cent of the voting power on the last day of the year or years in which the loss was incurred 1 [ * * * ] : 2 [Provided that nothing contained in this section shall apply to a case where a change in the said voting power takes place in a previous year consequent upon the death of a shareholder or on account of transfer of shares by way of gift to any relative of the shareholder making such gift :] 3 [Provided further that nothing contained in this section shall apply to any change in the shareholding of an Indian company which is a subsidiary of a foreign company as a result of amalgamation or demerger of a foreign company subject to the condition that fifty-one per cent shareholders of the amalgamating or demerged foreign company continue to be the shareholders of the amalgamated or the resulting foreign company. ] ( b ) 4 [****] 6. Inserted vide THE FINANCE ACT, 2018 7. Substituted vide FINANCE (NO. 2) ACT, 2019 w.e.f. 01-04-2020 before it was read as 5 [ Carry forward and set off of losses in case of certain companies. 79. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Chapter, where a change in shareholding has taken place in a previous year,- (a) in the case of a company not being a company in which the public are substantially interested and other than a company referred to in clause (b), no loss incurred in any year prior to the previous year shall be carried forward and set off against the income of the previous year, unless on the last day of the previous year, the shares of the company carrying not less than fifty-one per cent. of the voting power were beneficially held by persons who beneficially held shares of the company carrying not less than fifty-one per cent. of the voting power on the last day of the year or years in which the loss was incurred; (b) in the case of a company, not being a company in which the public are substantially interested but being an eligible start-up as referred to in section 80-IAC, the loss incurred in any year prior to the previous year shall be carried forward and set off against the income of the previous year, if, all the shareholders of such company who held shares carrying voting power on the last day of the year or years in which the loss was incurred,- (i) continue to hold those shares on the last day of such previous year; and (ii) such loss has been incurred during the period of seven years beginning from the year in which such company is incorporated: Provided that nothing contained in this section shall apply to a case where a change in the said voting power and shareholding takes place in a previous year consequent upon the death of a shareholder or on account of transfer of shares by way of gift to any relative of the shareholder making such gift: Provided further that nothing contained in this section shall apply to any change in the shareholding of an Indian company which is a subsidiary of a foreign company as a result of amalgamation or demerger of a foreign company subject to the condition that fifty-one per cent. shareholders of the amalgamating or demerged foreign company continue to be the shareholders of the amalgamated or the resulting foreign company.] 6 [Provided also that nothing contained in this section shall apply to a company where a change in the shareholding takes place in a previous year pursuant to a resolution plan approved under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (31 of 2016), after affording a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the jurisdictional Principal Commissioner or Commissioner.] 8. Inserted vide THE FINANCE ACT, 2021 dated 28-03-2021 w.e.f. 01-04-2022 9. Inserted vide Finance Act, 2022 w.e.f. 01-04-2022 10. Inserted vide Finance Act, 2022 w.e.f. 01-04-2022 11. Inserted vide Finance Act, 2022 w.e.f. 01-04-2022 12. Substituted vide THE FINANCE ACT, 2023 dated 31-03-2023 w.e.f. 01-04-2023 before it was read as, seven