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Issues Involved:
1. Disallowance of expenditure towards the Cost of Purchase of Right of Way. 2. Disallowance of expenditure towards the Purchase of Additional Floor Space Index (FSI). Detailed Analysis: 1. Disallowance of expenditure towards the Cost of Purchase of Right of Way: The assessee, a firm engaged in civil construction, completed two projects, "Madhuban" and "Millennium Gardens" and claimed deductions for expenditures incurred towards the Right of Way. The Right of Way was purchased from Upvan Developers, a related party under Section 40A(2)(b) of the Income Tax Act. The Assessing Officer (AO) questioned the reasonableness of the expenditure, arguing that the right of way was not exclusive and was acquired only in the year of project completion, suggesting a motive to reduce taxable income. The AO disallowed Rs. 88,00,000 for the Madhuban project and Rs. 82,00,000 for the Millennium project, considering the payments excessive. On appeal, the CIT(A) deleted the disallowance, finding that the combined cost of land and right of way was Rs. 646 per sq. ft. for Madhuban and Rs. 617 per sq. ft. for Millennium, which was below the circle rate of Rs. 900 per sq. ft. The CIT(A) concluded that the right of way was essential for project viability and the costs were reasonable. The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s decision, emphasizing that the right of way provided significant benefits, including increased FSI, and the costs were consistent with market rates. The Tribunal found no infirmity in the CIT(A)'s order, deleting the AO's additions. 2. Disallowance of expenditure towards the Purchase of Additional Floor Space Index (FSI): The assessee purchased additional FSI from Upvan Developers to enhance the development potential of the projects. The AO disallowed part of the expenditure, arguing that the cost paid (Rs. 912 per sq. ft. for Madhuban and Rs. 856 per sq. ft. for Millennium) was excessive compared to the market rate of Rs. 400-500 per sq. ft. for slum TDR. The CIT(A) partially upheld the AO's disallowance, accepting a value of Rs. 800 per sq. ft. as reasonable, based on a comparable sale instance of Rs. 750 per sq. ft. in 1997, and sustained a disallowance of Rs. 55,54,976 out of Rs. 1,20,09,876. The Tribunal disagreed with the CIT(A), noting that the purchase of additional FSI was necessary and the costs paid were in line with market rates, considering the benefits derived and the circle rate of Rs. 900 per sq. ft. The Tribunal found the assessee's costs reasonable and directed the deletion of the entire disallowance. Conclusion: The Tribunal concluded that both the right of way and additional FSI were legitimate business needs and the expenditures were reasonable and necessary. The parameters of Section 40A(2)(a) were not satisfied, and no disallowance was warranted. The appeal by the assessee was allowed, and the appeal by the revenue was dismissed.
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