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Issues Involved:
1. Classification of Loss: Business Loss or Capital Loss 2. Allowability of Bad Debts 3. Valuation Method for Shares 4. Disallowance of Expenditure on Herbicide Plant in Iran 5. Set-off and Carry Forward of Losses Detailed Analysis: 1. Classification of Loss: Business Loss or Capital Loss The primary issue was whether the loss incurred by the assessee due to advances made to its subsidiaries, RWL Ltd. and ISM Ltd., should be treated as a business loss or a capital loss. The assessee sold its engineering division and shares in the subsidiaries to HMP Ltd. and claimed the written-off loans as a trading loss. The Assessing Officer (AO) contended that the loss was a capital loss incurred in connection with the sale of shares and the engineering division, not a trading loss. The AO relied on several judgments, including CIT v. Nainital Bank Ltd. and Badridas Daga v. CIT, to support this view. The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) (CIT(A)) initially accepted the assessee's claim, but the Tribunal reversed this decision, stating that the losses were capital in nature and not allowable as business losses. 2. Allowability of Bad Debts The AO disallowed the assessee's claim for bad debts amounting to Rs. 1,07,36,000, arguing that part of the debts related to the engineering division, which was sold. The CIT(A) found that the debts were related to the agro-chemicals division and allowed the claim. The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s decision, noting that the bad debts were written off in accordance with commercial wisdom and were bona fide. 3. Valuation Method for Shares The AO recalculated the long-term capital loss on the sale of RWL shares using the break-up method, as opposed to the yield method used by the assessee. The CIT(A) directed the AO to accept the yield method after verifying the basis of the valuation. The Tribunal confirmed the CIT(A)'s order, finding no specific objections from the Revenue. 4. Disallowance of Expenditure on Herbicide Plant in Iran The AO disallowed Rs. 1,19,063 incurred on the herbicide plant in Iran, considering it a new business. The CIT(A) allowed the expenditure, stating it was part of the existing business. The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s decision, recognizing the expenses as revenue in nature and related to the existing business. 5. Set-off and Carry Forward of Losses The AO disallowed the set-off and carry forward of business and capital losses, arguing that the engineering division's business had been discontinued. The CIT(A) allowed the set-off, stating that the business of the assessee continued. The Tribunal partially upheld the AO's decision regarding business loss, citing the proviso to section 72(1)(i), which required the business to continue. However, the Tribunal allowed the set-off and carry forward of capital losses under section 74, directing the AO to recalculate the losses accordingly. Conclusion: The Tribunal's judgment provided a detailed analysis of each issue, ultimately concluding that the losses related to the sale of the engineering division and subsidiaries were capital in nature. The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s decisions on bad debts, valuation method for shares, and expenditure on the herbicide plant, while partially agreeing with the AO on the set-off and carry forward of business losses. The cross-objection by the assessee was dismissed, affirming the capital nature of the losses.
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