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Issues involved:
The judgment deals with the allowability of sums paid by the assessee under a collaboration agreement as revenue expenditure for the assessment years 1977-78, 1978-79, 1980-81, and 1981-82. Tax Case No. 1465 of 1986: The assessee claimed a deduction for royalty paid under a collaboration agreement. The Income-tax Officer rejected the claim, stating it conferred an enduring benefit. The Commissioner (Appeals) disagreed, considering the period and nature of the agreement. The Appellate Tribunal found the payment was for a license to use technical information. The Revenue challenged this decision. Tax Case No. 1536 of 1986: The issue was whether technical know-how fees paid to India Radiators Ltd. were deductible in computing the assessee's income. Tax Cases Nos. 982 and 985 of 1986: The common question was whether the technical know-how fees paid were an admissible deduction. The Revenue argued the payment should be capital expenditure due to enduring benefits. The assessee contended it was revenue expenditure as per the terms of the agreement. The court analyzed the agreement's terms, noting the limited period and the nature of technical knowledge in the rapidly changing automobile field. It referenced precedents like Alembic Chemical Works Co. Ltd. v. CIT and CIT v. Aquapump Industries to determine the purpose and impact of the expenditure. The court applied the test laid down by the Supreme Court in Jonas Woodhead and Sons (India) Ltd. v. CIT to conclude that the payment was for improving the existing business, not setting up a new one. Therefore, it held that the payment under the collaboration agreement should be treated as revenue expenditure. In conclusion, the court answered the questions of law in favor of the assessee, allowing the sums paid under the collaboration agreement as revenue expenditure.
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