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Issues:
Interpretation of Section 4 of the Central Excises and Salt Act of 1944 regarding the deduction of expenses from the wholesale value for levying excise duty. Analysis: The petitioners, manufacturers of China and Porcelain ware, argued whether they are entitled to deduct more than 5% for cartage and 25% for trade discount to arrive at the wholesale value for excise duty purposes. The dispute revolved around the additional items claimed to be deducted from the retail price list. The controversy focused on the principle for determining wholesale figures under Section 4 of the Act, especially concerning the change in assessment method from retail price-based to wholesale price-based calculation. The petitioners had historically submitted their price lists for approval by the Revenue, which were accepted until a dispute arose in 1962 regarding the allowable deductions. Various levels of authorities had differing opinions on the deductions permissible for arriving at the wholesale value, leading to appeals and revisions. Ultimately, the Central Government accepted only a 5% deduction for cartage and a 25% deduction for trade discount, rejecting other claimed expenses. Section 4 of the Act was analyzed in detail, distinguishing between situations where wholesale price is ascertainable and where it is not, as well as the applicability of the explanation clause. The judgment emphasized that when wholesale price is not ascertainable, deductions for necessary expenses post-manufacturing must be allowed to arrive at the wholesale value for excise duty purposes. The court quashed the previous assessment order and directed a fresh decision based on the legal principles outlined in the judgment. In conclusion, the writ petition was accepted, and there was no order as to costs, highlighting the importance of correctly interpreting Section 4 for determining excise duty liability based on the wholesale value of goods.
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