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Issues Involved:
1. Claim for refund of excess customs duty. 2. Applicability of Section 27(1) of the Customs Act, 1962. 3. Ignorance of exemption notification. 4. Applicability of general law of limitation. 5. Jurisdiction and authority of customs officials. 6. Precedents and case law references. Detailed Analysis: 1. Claim for Refund of Excess Customs Duty The appellant, M/s. Afro Asian Associates, Bombay, imported two consignments of Glass Chatons and paid customs duty under Heading No. 70.01/05 of the Customs Tariff at 100%+20% and additional (CV) duty of 30%. They later contended that these items were eligible for a concessional rate of duty under Exemption Notification No. 29-Cus., dated 10-2-1979, which they were unaware of at the time of payment. 2. Applicability of Section 27(1) of the Customs Act, 1962 The Assistant Collector rejected the refund claim, stating it was filed beyond the six-month time limit prescribed by Section 27(1) of the Customs Act. The Appellate Collector upheld this decision, emphasizing that the claim was time-barred and there was no ground for interference. 3. Ignorance of Exemption Notification The appellant argued that the excess duty was paid in ignorance of the exemption notification, which they became aware of only after other importers successfully appealed for the concessional rate. They claimed that the delay in filing for a refund should be condoned due to this ignorance and the subsequent discovery of the notification. 4. Applicability of General Law of Limitation The appellant contended that the excess duty paid was without the authority of law, invoking Article 265 of the Constitution of India, which prohibits the State from collecting any duty not authorized by law. They argued that the duty paid in ignorance of the notification should be treated as a mutual mistake, attracting the provisions of Section 72 of the Indian Contract Act, which allows for a three-year limitation period from the date the mistake becomes known. 5. Jurisdiction and Authority of Customs Officials The Tribunal noted that the claim for refund was made within the framework of the Customs Act, and thus, the time limit prescribed by Section 27(1) was applicable. It was emphasized that statutory authorities are bound by the provisions of the Act, and it is not open to them to bypass these provisions by invoking general principles of limitation. 6. Precedents and Case Law References The Tribunal referred to several precedents to support its decision: - M/s. Burmah Construction Co. v. State of Orissa: The Supreme Court held that once a party relies on a statutory right, they are bound by the restrictions imposed by that statute. - Commissioner of Sales Tax, U.P. v. M/s. Parson Tools and Plants, Kanpur: The Court emphasized that statutory provisions must be given effect without adding or implying anything not expressed by the legislature. - M/s. Madras Rubber Factory Ltd. v. Union of India: The Supreme Court held that claims for refund must be within the time limit prescribed by Section 27(1) unless specific conditions are met. - Madras Port Trust v. Hymanshu International and M/s. Hindustan Sugar Mills v. The State of Rajasthan: These cases emphasized that the government should not defeat just claims by raising technical pleas of limitation, but the Tribunal noted these principles do not apply to the present case. Conclusion The Tribunal concluded that the claim for refund was rightly rejected by the customs authorities as it was filed beyond the six-month period prescribed by Section 27(1) of the Customs Act. The appeal was dismissed, and the principles of statutory limitation were upheld. The Tribunal also dismissed another appeal (No. CB/SB/T/A. No. 176/81-D) on identical grounds.
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