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Constitutionality of provisions of the West Bengal Land Development and Planning Act, 1948 under the Constitution of India. Analysis: The Supreme Court heard an appeal challenging the judgment of the High Court of Judicature at Calcutta, which had declared certain provisions of the West Bengal Land Development and Planning Act, 1948, unconstitutional and void. The impugned Act aimed at settling immigrants in West Bengal and acquiring land for public purposes. The key issue revolved around section 8 of the Act, specifically the provisions making the government's declaration conclusive regarding the public purpose of acquisition and limiting compensation to the market value of the land on December 31, 1946. The Court examined the constitutionality of these provisions in light of Article 31(2) of the Constitution, which mandates compensation for acquired property. The Attorney-General argued that the Act fell under Article 31(5) and was saved from unconstitutionality. However, the Court rejected this argument, emphasizing that the Act's provision limiting compensation based on the 1946 market value was arbitrary and violated the principle of full indemnification of the property owner. The Court held that such a restriction did not align with the constitutional requirement of just and fair compensation. Furthermore, the Court highlighted that fixing the market value of land at an anterior date without considering its value at the time of acquisition could lead to unjust outcomes. The judges noted that land values had significantly increased post-war, especially around Calcutta, and denying owners the benefit of this appreciation would not result in fair compensation. Therefore, the Court declared the latter part of proviso (b) to section 8 as unconstitutional and void, dismissing the appeal and awarding costs to the respondents. In conclusion, the Supreme Court's judgment clarified the constitutional principles governing land acquisition and compensation under the West Bengal Land Development and Planning Act, 1948. The decision underscored the importance of ensuring full indemnification for property owners and highlighted the need for compensation to reflect the true value of the land acquired, rather than arbitrary limitations based on historical market values.
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