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Issues Involved:
1. Whether a person convicted of a criminal offence and whose conviction has not been suspended pending appeal can be sworn in and continue to function as the Chief Minister of a State. Summary: Issue 1: Conviction and Appointment as Chief Minister A critical constitutional question was addressed: whether a person convicted of a criminal offence and whose conviction has not been suspended pending appeal can be sworn in and continue to function as the Chief Minister of a State. The second respondent, Ms. J. Jayalalitha, was convicted for offences punishable u/s 120B IPC read with Sections 13(1)(c), 13(1)(d), and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, and u/s 409 IPC. She was sentenced to rigorous imprisonment and fines, which were paid. Her appeals were pending, and the High Court suspended her sentences but not her convictions. Issue 2: Nomination Papers and Disqualification Ms. Jayalalitha filed nomination papers for four constituencies, which were rejected due to her disqualification u/s 8(3) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, because of her conviction and sentence. Despite this, she was elected as the leader of her party and sworn in as Chief Minister on 14th May 2001. Issue 3: Legal Provisions and Interpretation Relevant provisions of the Prevention of Corruption Act, IPC, and the Constitution were examined. Articles 163(1), 164(1), 164(4), 173, 177, and 191 of the Constitution, along with Sections 8, 8A, 9, 9A, 10, and 10A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, were considered. The Court noted that Article 164(4) allows a non-legislator to be appointed as a Minister for six months, provided they get elected to the legislature within that period. Issue 4: Suspension of Sentence and Disqualification The Court clarified that the suspension of the execution of the sentence does not remove the disqualification u/s 8(3) of the Representation of the People Act. The suspension of the sentence by the High Court was only the suspension of the execution of the sentences pending the disposal of the appeals, not the suspension of the convictions. Issue 5: Governor's Discretion and Constitutional Mandate The Court rejected the argument that the Governor must appoint as Chief Minister whosoever the majority party nominates, regardless of qualifications or disqualifications. The Governor is bound by the Constitution and cannot appoint a person who is disqualified under Article 191 or does not meet the qualifications under Article 173. Issue 6: Writ of Quo Warranto The Court held that a writ of quo warranto could be issued against a person usurping a public office without legal authority. The appointment of Ms. Jayalalitha as Chief Minister was found to be contrary to constitutional provisions, and the writ of quo warranto was issued. Conclusion: The Supreme Court declared that Ms. Jayalalitha's appointment as Chief Minister was not legal and valid, and she could not continue to function as such. The appointment was quashed, but all acts performed by her and the Council of Ministers during her tenure were protected under the de facto doctrine. The Court emphasized the importance of adhering to constitutional mandates and the rule of law.
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