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Issues Involved:
The issues involved in the judgment are whether the Tribunal had sufficient material to justify its findings regarding the capacity of creditors to advance a sum of Rs. 82,000 and whether this amount was genuinely reflected in the books of account of the assessee, and whether the cash credit of Rs. 82,000 appearing in the name of three cash creditors in the books of account of the assessee was correctly treated as the assessee's income from undisclosed sources by the Revenue under section 68 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Capacity of Creditors and Cash Credit Treatment: The assessee, a registered firm under the Indian Partnership Act, received a cash credit of Rs. 1,70,000 from seven creditors during the assessment year 1981-82. The Assessing Officer doubted the genuineness of the transactions and issued notices under section 68 of the Act. While four creditors satisfactorily explained the transactions, three creditors were not available, leading to suspicions. The Assessing Officer added the amounts in the hands of the assessee as income from other sources based on information from an accountant that the addressees were fictitious persons. The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) did not consider crucial aspects, leading to a challenge by the assessee before the Tribunal. Judicial Review and Tribunal's Decision: The Tribunal upheld the Assessing Officer's decision, stating that the assessee failed to discharge the burden of proof. The assessee then sought reference to the High Court under section 256(1), which was initially refused but later directed by the court. During the hearing, the Tribunal's order was challenged on grounds of unreasonable burden of proof placed on the assessee and lack of proper enquiry by the Assessing Officer. The Tribunal's decision was scrutinized in light of section 68 of the Act, emphasizing the need for a reasonable and just enquiry by the Assessing Officer. Analysis and Court's Decision: The High Court found deficiencies in the Assessing Officer's enquiry process, especially regarding the three disputed creditors. The Tribunal's oversight of crucial aspects and failure to direct proper verification of returns raised concerns about the fairness of the decision. The Court highlighted the importance of proper materials and fair enquiry in such cases. Referring to a previous case, the Court ruled in favor of the assessee, answering both questions in the negative and against the Revenue, emphasizing the need for a just and reasonable approach in assessing cash credits under section 68 of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
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