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Issues Involved:
1. Allowability of mess expenses as business expenditure. 2. Classification of expenses as entertainment expenditure u/s 37(2B). 3. Deductibility of beoparies expenses. 4. Treatment of hospitality expenses in hotels. 5. Application of Explanation 2 to section 37(2A) and its retrospective effect. Summary: 1. Allowability of Mess Expenses as Business Expenditure: The court examined whether mess expenses incurred by a limited company in providing food to customers and representatives were allowable as business expenditure. The Tribunal upheld the Appellate Assistant Commissioner's order allowing Rs. 25,443 for the assessment year 1972-73 as mess expenses, following earlier decisions in the assessee's case. The court affirmed that these expenses were not entertainment expenditure and thus not disallowable u/s 37(2B). 2. Classification of Expenses as Entertainment Expenditure u/s 37(2B): For an assessee owning several hotels, the court considered whether expenses incurred in providing food to prospective customers were entertainment expenditure. It was held that the expenditure was more in the nature of "business promotion, publicity or advertisement" rather than entertainment. The expenses of Rs. 35,118 were thus not classified as entertainment expenditure within the meaning of section 37(2B). 3. Deductibility of Beoparies Expenses: The court addressed whether beoparies expenses incurred by commission agents in fruits were allowable deductions. The Tribunal found that these expenses, incurred for providing food to customers as a customary practice to promote business, were not hit by the provisions of section 37(2B). The court affirmed this view, allowing Rs. 19,822 and Rs. 9,950 as business expenses. 4. Treatment of Hospitality Expenses in Hotels: The court evaluated whether expenses incurred by hotels in providing food and beverages to prospective customers were entertainment expenses. It was held that such expenses, incurred as part of business promotion and customary hospitality, did not constitute entertainment expenditure. The Tribunal's decision to allow these expenses as business expenditure was upheld. 5. Application of Explanation 2 to Section 37(2A) and Its Retrospective Effect: The court discussed the applicability of Explanation 2 to section 37(2A), which includes hospitality expenses as entertainment expenditure, and its retrospective effect. It was concluded that Explanation 2, inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, with effect from April 1, 1976, could not be applied retrospectively to periods before this date. The court emphasized that fiscal legislation must be interpreted based on the language used, and the retrospective effect of Explanation 2 was limited to assessments from April 1, 1976. Conclusion: The court answered the questions in the references in favor of the assessees, affirming that the expenses in question were allowable as business expenditure and not entertainment expenditure u/s 37(2B). The retrospective application of Explanation 2 was limited to assessments from April 1, 1976. No costs were awarded.
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