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Interpretation of the relationship between a managing director and a company for income tax assessment under the head 'Salary'. Analysis: The judgment involves a reference under section 256(1) at the instance of the Commissioner of Income-tax, West Bengal (VI), Calcutta, seeking the opinion of the High Court on whether the remuneration of the assessee as managing director of a company is assessable under the head 'Salary' due to the existence of an employer-employee relationship. The matter pertains to income-tax assessments for the years 1978-79, 1980-81, and 1981-82. The Income-tax Officer initially assessed the remuneration under the head 'Other sources' as he believed the managing director's position did not equate to that of other employees and the contractual relationship was not proven (para 3). Upon appeal, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner upheld the Income-tax Officer's decision, stating that the articles of association did not establish an employer-employee relationship between the managing director and the company. However, the Tribunal disagreed, noting that clauses in the articles clarified the managing director's duties were subject to the control and supervision of the board of directors, indicating an employer-employee relationship (para 4). The High Court analyzed the relevant clauses of the articles of association, emphasizing that the managing director, like other directors, operated under the control of the board and could be removed by shareholder resolution, indicating a master-servant relationship. Referring to the Supreme Court's ruling in Ram Prashad v. CIT, the Court highlighted that an employer-employee relationship exists when the employee works under the control and supervision of the employer, which was evident in this case. The power of removal of directors was deemed a crucial factor in establishing the employment relationship (para 5). In conclusion, the High Court answered the reference question in favor of the assessee, confirming that the managing director's remuneration should be assessed under the head 'Salary' due to the employer-employee relationship established by the articles of association. The judgment was unanimous, with no order as to costs (para 6).
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