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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the expenditure of Rs. 2,12,266 incurred for repairing the premises was an allowable expenditure in computing the income of the assessee from business. Issue-Wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Allowability of Repair Expenditure: The primary issue was whether the expenditure of Rs. 2,12,266 incurred by the assessee for repairing the premises could be considered an allowable expenditure in computing the income from business. The assessee, a company, claimed this amount as a deduction for the assessment year 1975-76. The Income-tax Officer disallowed the claim, considering the expenditure as capital in nature because it resulted in a new advantage of enduring benefit. 2. Assessee's Appeal and Arguments: The assessee appealed to the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals), arguing that the building was in a dilapidated state and a demolition notice had been served by the Calcutta Corporation. The repairs were necessary to avoid demolition and maintain the premises for business use. The Commissioner found that the assessee had been paying rent and earning rental income by sub-letting part of the premises. Despite not being the owner, the assessee incurred substantial expenses for renovation, which the Commissioner considered as capital expenditure, thereby confirming the Income-tax Officer's decision. 3. Tribunal's Initial Decision: The assessee took the matter to the Tribunal, contending that the repairs were necessary to maintain the income-earning asset and did not result in acquiring any new asset. The Tribunal initially upheld the lower authorities' decision, stating that the expenditure was for extensive renovation and not ordinary repairs, thus classifying it as capital expenditure. 4. Rectification Application: The assessee filed a miscellaneous application for rectification, pointing out factual mistakes in the Tribunal's order and arguing that the expenditure should be allowable under sections 30 and/or 37 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The Tribunal acknowledged the mistakes and rectified its order, recognizing that the expenditure was to remedy the effects of several years' wear and tear and was necessary to maintain the premises in a serviceable condition. 5. High Court's Analysis: The High Court analyzed the facts and reiterated the fundamental contention that the expenditure represented repairs necessary to keep the premises serviceable, which were necessitated by ordinary wear and tear. The Court noted that the repairs were essential to avoid demolition and maintain the premises as an income-earning apparatus. The Court emphasized that even if the repairs were extensive, they were still revenue in nature, as they did not result in any new asset or enduring benefit. 6. Legal Precedents and Principles: The High Court referred to several legal precedents, including Liberty Cinema v. CIT, CIT v. Goyal Oil Mills, and CIT v. Kalyanji Mavji and Co., to support the view that expenditure on repairs, even if substantial, is allowable as revenue expenditure if it is for maintaining the income-earning apparatus. The Court distinguished the present case from cases where repairs included luxury elements or improvements, which would be considered capital expenditure. 7. Conclusion: The High Court concluded that the expenditure of Rs. 2,12,266 was allowable as revenue expenditure, as it was necessary to maintain the premises in a serviceable condition and avoid demolition. The repairs did not result in any new asset or enduring benefit but merely reinstated the building to its usable condition. The Court answered the question in the affirmative, in favor of the assessee, and held that the expenditure was allowable in computing the income from business. 8. Costs: There was no order as to costs. Separate Judgments: K. M. Yusuf J. concurred with the judgment.
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