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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the assessee is entitled to the concessional rate of tax under section 164(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 2. Whether the trust can be subjected to the maximum marginal rate of tax in view of the provisions of the trust deed. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Entitlement to Concessional Rate of Tax: The primary question was whether the assessee-trust qualifies for a concessional rate of tax under section 164(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The trust deed created by the settlor on October 3, 1981, established a private trust known as "Gosar Family Trust." The trust deed provided broad discretionary powers to the trustees to either distribute the income among the beneficiaries or accumulate it for future distribution. The beneficiaries were divided into two groups: the first group could receive income currently, while the second group (corpus beneficiaries) would benefit from the accumulated income. The Income-tax Officer assessed the trust's income for the assessment year 1982-83, concluding that the trust was not created with a bona fide objective but to retain income tax-free within the family. Consequently, the trust was taxed at the "maximum marginal rate" under section 164(1), rather than at a concessional rate. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner overturned this decision, holding that the trust should be assessed at the concessional rate applicable to an association of persons. The Commissioner opined that the second group of beneficiaries (corpus beneficiaries) were not entitled to the previous year's income and thus were not income beneficiaries. Therefore, only income beneficiaries should be considered for the application of section 164(1). The Income-tax Appellate Tribunal upheld the Appellate Assistant Commissioner's decision, agreeing that the term "beneficiaries" in section 164(1) referred only to income beneficiaries. 2. Applicability of Maximum Marginal Rate of Tax: The Revenue argued that the term "beneficiary" in section 164(1) should include both income and corpus beneficiaries. Since the second group of beneficiaries had taxable income and were beneficiaries under other trusts, the trust should be taxed at the maximum marginal rate. The court examined the nature of the trust, noting that it was a complex trust with broad discretionary powers granted to the trustees. The trustees could either distribute the income among the first group of beneficiaries or accumulate it for the second group. The court emphasized that the trustees received or were entitled to receive income on behalf of both sets of beneficiaries. The court held that the provisions of section 164(1) applied to the entire class of beneficiaries, including those who might ultimately receive the accumulated income. The court rejected the argument that only the first set of beneficiaries should be considered for the application of section 164(1). The court concluded that the trustees received income for the benefit of both sets of beneficiaries, and the income could be accumulated for the second group. Therefore, the trust should be taxed at the maximum marginal rate under section 164(1). Conclusion: The court answered the questions in the negative, holding that the assessee was not entitled to the concessional rate of tax and should be subjected to the maximum marginal rate of tax under section 164(1) of the Income-tax Act for the relevant assessment year. The court also rejected the prayer for a certificate of fitness for appeal to the Supreme Court under section 261 of the Act.
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