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Interpretation of the definition of "agricultural income" under section 2(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Determining whether the profit derived from the sale of agricultural land is taxable as capital gains or qualifies as agricultural income. Analysis: The High Court of Madhya Pradesh addressed a reference under section 256(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, regarding the classification of profit from the sale of agricultural land. The primary issue was whether the profit earned by the assessee on the sale of agricultural land should be considered agricultural income or taxable as capital gains under the Act. The court examined the definition of "agricultural income" under section 2(1) of the Act to determine the applicability of the exemption criteria. The definition includes income derived from land used for agricultural purposes, emphasizing the actual agricultural use of the land as a prerequisite for claiming the exemption. The court analyzed conflicting decisions on whether capital gains from the sale of land used for agricultural purposes qualify as agricultural income. In previous cases, different High Courts had taken opposing views on this matter. The Bombay High Court considered such capital gains as revenue derived from agricultural land, thus constituting agricultural income. In contrast, the Delhi High Court held that proceeds from the sale of the land corpus cannot be classified as income. However, the court in the present case focused on the fact that the land in question was not utilized for agricultural purposes during the relevant accounting year. Based on the finding that the land was not used for agricultural activities, the court concluded that the profit from the sale of the land did not meet the criteria for being classified as agricultural income under section 2(1) of the Act. Since the land was within the Indore Municipal Corporation limits, it qualified as a "capital asset" under section 2(14) of the Act. Consequently, the profit from the land sale was deemed taxable as capital gains rather than exempt agricultural income. The court disagreed with the Tribunal's decision that treated the profit as agricultural income not subject to taxation. Therefore, the court answered the reference question in the negative, ruling against the assessee. The judgment highlighted the importance of actual agricultural use of the land for determining the tax treatment of income derived from its sale. The parties were directed to bear their own costs in relation to the reference.
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