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Issues Involved:
1. Legality of proceedings initiated under section 147(a) of the Income-tax Act. 2. Justification for adding Rs. 89,000 as income from undisclosed sources. 3. Applicability of the Explanation to section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act. 4. Relevance of the date of satisfaction for penalty proceedings. 5. Burden of proof in penalty proceedings under section 271(1)(c). Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Legality of Proceedings Initiated under Section 147(a): The court addressed whether the reassessment proceedings initiated under section 147(a) of the Income-tax Act were legal and valid. It was held that the reassessment proceedings were indeed legal and valid, confirming that income had escaped assessment due to the omission on the part of the assessee to disclose true facts at the time of the original assessment. This was upheld based on the findings in CIT v. Bihar Cotton Mills Ltd. [1986] 160 ITR 275 (Pat). 2. Justification for Adding Rs. 89,000 as Income from Undisclosed Sources: The court examined whether the Tribunal was justified in concluding that Rs. 89,000 should be added as the assessee's income from undisclosed sources. It was found that the cash credits of Rs. 89,000 were not genuine, and the addition as income from undisclosed sources in the assessment year 1958-59 was upheld. The Tribunal's decision was based on the fact that the assessee failed to prove the genuineness of the cash credits, which were considered secret profits from the business. 3. Applicability of the Explanation to Section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act: The court deliberated on whether the penalty proceedings should be governed by the law as it existed at the time of the original assessment or by the law in force when the reassessment was completed. The majority opinion, led by Uday Sinha J., held that the penalty proceedings should be governed by the law as it existed on the date of satisfaction of the assessing officer, i.e., March 17, 1971. This included the application of the Explanation to section 271(1)(c), which shifts the burden of proof to the assessee to show that the failure to return the correct income did not arise from any fraud or gross or willful neglect. 4. Relevance of the Date of Satisfaction for Penalty Proceedings: The court considered whether the penalty should be imposed based on the law in force at the time of the original return or at the time of the reassessment. The judgment emphasized that the relevant date for the imposition of penalty is the date when the assessing officer reaches satisfaction that there has been concealment of income. This principle was reinforced by the Supreme Court decisions in Jain Brothers v. Union of India [1970] 77 ITR 107 and Smt. Maya Rani Punj v. CIT [1986] 157 ITR 330, which held that the law prevailing at the time of the assessing officer's satisfaction governs the penalty proceedings. 5. Burden of Proof in Penalty Proceedings under Section 271(1)(c): The court analyzed the burden of proof in penalty proceedings under section 271(1)(c). It was held that the Explanation to section 271(1)(c) shifts the burden to the assessee to prove that the failure to return the correct income did not arise from any fraud or gross or willful neglect. The Tribunal's decision to cancel the penalty was overturned, as the assessee failed to discharge this burden. The facts collected during the assessment proceedings indicated that the assessee had concealed income, and the absence of new material in the penalty proceedings did not negate this finding. Conclusion: The Tribunal's decision to cancel the penalty of Rs. 15,000 imposed under section 271(1)(c) was found to be incorrect. The penalty proceedings were to be governed by the law as it existed on the date of the assessing officer's satisfaction, which included the application of the Explanation to section 271(1)(c). The assessee failed to discharge the burden of proof, leading to the conclusion that there was concealment of income. The question was answered in favor of the Revenue and against the assessee.
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