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Issues:
Whether the sum claimed as development expenditure was rightly treated as capital expenditure. Analysis: The case involved a reference under section 256(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, where the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal referred a question of law to the High Court regarding the treatment of Rs. 5,000 claimed by the assessee as development expenditure. The assessee, a registered firm engaged in manufacturing scientific instruments, incurred the expenditure on payment to the National Research Development Corporation. The Income-tax Officer considered the payment as capital expenditure, disallowing the claim. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Tribunal upheld this decision, leading to the reference to the High Court. In analyzing the issue, the High Court referred to the Supreme Court decision in CIT v. Ciba of India Ltd, which held that payments for access to technical knowledge are on revenue account. The High Court also cited CIT v. Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co. Pvt Ltd., emphasizing that technical know-how acquired through collaboration agreements is not an enduring capital asset. The Court agreed with these observations, stating that technical know-how, especially in rapidly developing fields, cannot be treated as a capital asset. Even if it were a capital asset, payments for its use should be considered revenue expenditure. The High Court concluded that the Tribunal erred in treating the sum claimed by the assessee as capital expenditure. Therefore, the High Court answered the referred question in the negative, favoring the assessee. The parties were directed to bear their own costs in the reference.
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