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Valuation of shares for determining capital gains under section 55(2) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: The case involved the valuation of shares sold by a non-resident foreign company during the accounting period 1972-73. The primary issue was the method of valuation adopted for determining the fair market value of the shares as on 1st January, 1954, which was crucial for calculating the capital gains. The Income-tax Officer initially computed the fair market value at Rs. 202 per share by applying rule ID of the Wealth-tax Rules, deducting 15% from the break-up value. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner disagreed with this method, stating that rule ID was not in existence in 1954, and directed to consider the break-up value of Rs. 237 per share as the fair market value. The Department appealed this decision to the Tribunal, which upheld the Income-tax Officer's valuation method. The Tribunal reasoned that in cases of private companies, the yield method is generally used to determine the fair market value of shares, with the break-up method being an exception. It was highlighted that the fair market value determined by the Income-tax Officer at Rs. 202 per share was appropriate, considering the profit-earning capacity of the company. The Tribunal emphasized that the break-up method was not suitable for valuing shares of a going concern company like the one in question. The judgment referenced previous Supreme Court decisions, emphasizing that for companies not listed on stock exchanges, the profit-earning capacity should primarily determine the value of shares. The court agreed with the Tribunal's decision, stating that the valuation by the Income-tax Officer was favorable to the assessee compared to the profit-earning method. The court dismissed the argument of double standards in valuation, as the fair market value of Rs. 245 per share fixed by the Reserve Bank of India was considered appropriate. The court answered the first part of the question of law in favor of the Department, rendering the second part unnecessary for consideration. In conclusion, the judgment focused on the correct method of valuation for determining capital gains on the sale of shares, emphasizing the importance of considering the profit-earning capacity of the company and highlighting that the break-up method may not be suitable for valuing shares of a going concern company.
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