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Interpretation of provisions regarding assessment of a trust as an Association of Persons (AOP) or as a representative assessee under the Income-tax Act. Analysis: The judgment by the High Court of Madhya Pradesh dealt with a reference made by the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal regarding the assessment of a trust for different years. The main issue was whether the trust should be assessed as an AOP or as a representative assessee under section 161(1) of the Income-tax Act. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) had initially assessed the trust as an AOP based on the trust deed executed by the settlor conveying properties to the trustees. The Appellate Tribunal, however, held that the trustees should be assessed as a representative assessee representing the share of each beneficiary under section 161(1) of the Act. The Department contended that they had the option to assess either the representative assessee or the person beneficially entitled to the income, citing relevant legal provisions and a previous court decision. On the other hand, the assessee argued that section 161 of the Act provides for assessment in a representative capacity, and the trustees should only be assessed in relation to the income meant for the beneficiaries they represent. The assessee relied on a different court decision to support their argument. The court analyzed the provisions of section 160(1)(iv) and section 161(1) of the Act, which define "representative assessee" and outline the duties and liabilities of such assesesse. The court clarified that the Department's option was to assess the representative assessee or the person entitled to the income, not to assess trustees individually as an AOP. Section 166 further emphasized that the assessment could be made on the trustee as a representative assessee or directly on the beneficiary entitled to the income. The court referred to previous court decisions and observed that the law was well-settled in this regard. It was concluded that the Tribunal was justified in setting aside the assessment of the trust as an AOP, as it was misconceived and unsustainable in law. The court's answer to the question raised in the reference was affirmative, and it was directed that the assessment for all relevant years should be governed by this decision. The parties were directed to bear their own costs in the matter.
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