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Issues Involved:
1. Validity of the assessment on the estate of VR.RM.S. Chockalingam Chettiar as a Hindu undivided family (HUF). 2. Applicability of section 41 of the Indian Income-tax Act to the assessment. 3. Inclusion of income from two gardens in Johore Bahru in the assessment. 4. Exclusion of the payment of Rs. 20,000 to Meenakshi Achi from the computation of income. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: Issue 1: Validity of the Assessment as a Hindu Undivided Family The court analyzed whether the estate of VR.RM.S. Chockalingam Chettiar could be assessed as a Hindu undivided family (HUF). The name of the assessee was given as the "Estate of Chockalingam Chettiar by Veerappa Chettiar and Viswanathan Chettiar," but the status was described as HUF. The court noted that if the assessee is an HUF, there could not be an assessment of the estate of a deceased member of that family. According to Mitakshara law, the member's interest in the family property devolves by survivorship on his death, in favor of the other coparceners. Therefore, if Chockalingam died as a member of an HUF, there would be no estate left by him in the absence of any separate property, making the assessment invalid. The court also considered the law of Johore Bahru, which does not recognize a joint Hindu family as a unit owning property. It was competent for Chockalingam to dispose of his properties by a will, which was valid under Johore Bahru law. The court concluded that the assessment should have been made as if the properties belonged to the estate of Chockalingam in the hands of his representatives, answering Question No. 1 in the negative. Issue 2: Applicability of Section 41 of the Indian Income-tax Act Section 41 applies when income is received by executors in their capacity as trustees for the legatees. The court examined whether the executors had completed their executorial functions and became trustees for the legatees. It was noted that the executors would function as such for three years after the death of the testator, but this did not necessarily postpone the administration or vesting of the property. The court found no materials on record to show whether the administration of the estate was complete or whether the executors had assented to the vesting of the residue in the residuary legatees. Therefore, Section 41 would not apply unless it was shown that the executors had discharged their executorial duties and began functioning as trustees. The court answered the second question by stating that Section 41 would not apply unless the executors had completed their duties and began functioning as trustees. Issue 3: Inclusion of Income from Two Gardens in Johore Bahru The court addressed whether the income from two gardens in Johore Bahru should be included in the assessment. The Tribunal found that the gardens were purchased with monies supplied by Chockalingam. The will bequeathed all properties of Chockalingam, so even if the gardens were not specifically mentioned, they were considered part of the estate. The court affirmed that the income from these gardens should be included in the assessment, answering Question No. 3 in the affirmative. Issue 4: Exclusion of Rs. 20,000 Payment to Meenakshi Achi The court examined whether the payment of Rs. 20,000 to Meenakshi Achi could be excluded from the computation of income. The payment was directed to be made out of the assets left by the deceased and was not of a revenue nature. Therefore, it could not be excluded from the assessable income. The court answered this question in the negative. Conclusion: The court concluded that: 1. The assessment as a Hindu undivided family was invalid. 2. Section 41 of the Indian Income-tax Act would not apply unless the executors had completed their duties and began functioning as trustees. 3. The income from the two gardens in Johore Bahru should be included in the assessment. 4. The payment of Rs. 20,000 to Meenakshi Achi could not be excluded from the assessable income. No order as to costs was made, and the reference was answered accordingly.
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