1998 (12) TMI 640 - SC - Indian Laws

Summary

Issues Involved:
1. Interpretation of Rule 9(i)(d) of the Punjab Medical College Education Service (Class-I) Rules, 1978.
2. Application of the roster system for vacancies.
3. Conjoint reading of Rule 3 and Rule 9(i)(d).
4. Final order.

Issue-Wise Detailed Analysis:

1. Interpretation of Rule 9(i)(d):

The core issue revolves around the interpretation of Rule 9(i)(d) of the Punjab Medical College Education Service (Class-I) Rules, 1978, which stipulates that 75% of Professor posts should be filled by promotion and 25% by direct recruitment. The High Court relied on the Constitution Bench decision in R.K. Sabharwal & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Ors., which dealt with the reservation of posts for SCs, STs, and BCs under Article 16(4) of the Constitution. The Supreme Court clarified that Rule 9(i)(d) does not pertain to reservation under Article 16(4) but rather to recruitment from two sources under Article 16(1). The rule is about recruitment from departmental promotees and direct recruits, not about reservation for specific categories. The Court emphasized that once recruits from both sources enter the cadre, their original source of recruitment becomes irrelevant, and they form a common class.

2. Application of the Roster System for Vacancies:

The appellant-State argued that the roster system should operate on vacancies rather than posts, maintaining a 3:1 ratio (three promotees to one direct recruit). The Court agreed, stating that the roster should be applied to vacancies as they arise, ensuring the 75% and 25% quotas are maintained. The High Court's reliance on the R.K. Sabharwal case was deemed incorrect because it pertained to Article 16(4) reservations, not the quota system under Article 16(1). The Court cited the decision in Paramjit Singh v. Ram Rakha, which clarified that the quota rule applies to vacancies, not posts, and should be strictly adhered to during recruitment.

3. Conjoint Reading of Rule 3 and Rule 9(i)(d):

The respondent's alternative argument was that the roster system should be applied from the commencement of the statutory rules on 28th July 1978. The Court examined the proviso to Rule 3, which states that persons holding posts before the commencement of the rules are deemed to be appointed under the new rules. The Court concluded that this proviso only regularizes the incumbency of those already holding posts and does not affect the application of the roster system for future vacancies. The Court found that the first rotational cycle under the new rules started from the first vacancy after 28th July 1978, and the roster should be applied accordingly.

4. Final Order:

The Supreme Court concluded that the High Court's decision to quash the advertisement for direct recruitment was correct, but for different reasons. The correct application of the roster system, considering the proviso to Rule 3, indicated that the disputed 16th vacancy should go to a departmental promotee. The appeal was dismissed, and the High Court's final decision was upheld, albeit on different grounds.

Conclusion:

The Supreme Court clarified that Rule 9(i)(d) pertains to recruitment from two sources under Article 16(1) and not to reservations under Article 16(4). The roster system should be applied to vacancies, maintaining the 3:1 ratio. The proviso to Rule 3 regularizes incumbents holding posts before the commencement of the rules but does not affect the application of the roster system for future vacancies. The disputed 16th vacancy should go to a departmental promotee, and the High Court's decision to quash the advertisement for direct recruitment was upheld.