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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the right to acquire foreign exchange by entering into forward contracts is a capital asset under section 2(14) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 2. Whether the relinquishment or extinguishment of such a right amounts to a transfer under section 2(47) and if any capital gains arise chargeable under section 45 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Capital Asset Definition under Section 2(14) The primary issue was whether the right to acquire foreign exchange through forward contracts with the State Bank of India constituted a capital asset under section 2(14) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The Tribunal initially held that the right was not a capital asset. The assessee had entered into forward contracts to safeguard the financial deal for importing machinery. Due to the devaluation of the Indian rupee, the cost of machinery increased, and the State Bank of India eventually canceled the contracts and credited the assessee's account with the difference in exchange rate. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) treated this amount as a revenue receipt, but the Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) held it as a capital asset, characterizing it as an intangible asset or an actionable claim. The Tribunal, however, concluded that the receipt of the surplus was a capital receipt, not liable to be taxed as business income, and confirmed the AAC's order on this aspect. 2. Transfer under Section 2(47) and Capital Gains under Section 45 The second issue was whether the relinquishment or extinguishment of the right to acquire foreign exchange amounted to a transfer under section 2(47) and if it resulted in capital gains chargeable under section 45. The AAC held that the cancellation of the forward contract and the surrender of the import licence amounted to a transfer, resulting in capital gains. The Tribunal, however, disagreed, relying on the Calcutta High Court's decision in CIT v. Chunilal Prabhudas & Co., concluding that no capital gains arose in this case. The Tribunal observed that the realization of the sum of Rs. 3,13,651 was not a transfer or relinquishment of an asset but a transformation of a contractual right into a monetary right. Tribunal's Findings: The Tribunal found that the AAC had not exceeded his jurisdiction in directing the ITO to tax the amount as capital gains. It was held that the right to acquire foreign exchange was not a capital asset and that the realization of the sum did not constitute a transfer under section 2(47). The Tribunal also noted that the assessee had not spent anything to acquire the right, and thus, no capital gains could arise as there was no profit or gain as contemplated under section 45. High Court's Conclusion: The High Court reframed the question to determine whether the receipt of Rs. 3,13,651 was taxable under section 45. It concluded that the receipt did not result in capital gains as there was no transfer or relinquishment of a capital asset. The court emphasized that for a transaction to result in capital gains, there must be a profit or gain arising from the transfer, which was not the case here. The court held that the amount received was not taxable under section 45 and answered the reframed question in favor of the assessee, with no order as to costs.
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