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Issues Involved:
1. Validity of reopening assessments for the years 1969-70 to 1972-73. 2. Entitlement to the grant of development allowance under section 33A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, for the assessment years 1973-74 and 1974-75. Issue 1: Validity of Reopening Assessments for the Years 1969-70 to 1972-73 The court examined whether the Tribunal was right in holding that the reopening of the assessments for the years 1969-70 to 1972-73 was invalid. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) initially allowed development allowance under section 33A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, for these years. However, a letter from the Commissioner of Agricultural Income-tax (dated August 7, 1973) informed the ITO that the assessee was only engaged in growing tea and not in its manufacture, thus not entitled to the development allowance under section 33A. This led the ITO to reopen the assessments under section 147(b) of the I.T. Act, based on the new information. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) upheld the reopening, stating that there was no evidence that the ITO had applied his mind to the eligibility for the allowance under section 33A during the original assessments. The Tribunal, however, found that the ITO was aware of the facts and had allowed the development allowance with the understanding that the assessee was growing tea, which was sufficient for the allowance. The High Court concluded that the Tribunal erred in its judgment. The court emphasized that section 147(b) allows reopening if the ITO has new information leading him to believe that income has escaped assessment. The letter from the Commissioner of Agricultural Income-tax constituted such information. There was no evidence that the ITO was aware of the absence of manufacturing activity when he originally allowed the development allowance. Thus, the reopening of assessments was valid. Issue 2: Entitlement to Development Allowance for the Years 1973-74 and 1974-75 The second issue was whether the assessee was entitled to the development allowance under section 33A for the assessment years 1973-74 and 1974-75. The assessee had only grown green tea and did not manufacture any tea during these years. Section 33A provides for a development allowance for planting tea bushes on land owned by an assessee who carries on the business of growing and manufacturing tea in India. The court examined whether the conditions of "growing and manufacturing tea" were cumulative or alternative. The assessee argued that these conditions were alternative, relying on explanatory notes and memoranda accompanying the Finance Bill, 1965. However, the court emphasized that such explanatory notes are not aids to statutory construction and that the statutory language should be interpreted as written unless it leads to absurd results. The court concluded that the conditions of "growing and manufacturing tea" are cumulative. The purpose of the development allowance was to support those who both grow and manufacture tea, ensuring that the income from such activities falls within the purview of the Central Income-tax Act. Since the assessee did not manufacture tea, it was not eligible for the development allowance under section 33A. Conclusion: 1. The reopening of assessments for the years 1969-70 to 1972-73 was valid. 2. The assessee was not entitled to the development allowance under section 33A for the assessment years 1973-74 and 1974-75. The revenue was entitled to its costs, with a counsel's fee of Rs. 500 one set.
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