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1. Eligibility of driveways and compound walls for depreciation allowance under section 32 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Detailed Analysis: The judgment by the High Court of Calcutta pertains to a private limited company engaged in the petroleum business seeking depreciation allowance for expenses incurred on driveways and compound walls during the assessment year 1964-65. The Income-tax Officer initially disallowed the claim, stating that driveways and compound walls could not be classified as building, plant, or machinery. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Tribunal upheld this decision. However, the Tribunal later ruled in favor of the assessee, considering driveways and compound walls as eligible for depreciation since they were essential for the business operation, specifically for receiving motor vehicles and enclosing the premises. The Tribunal's findings were undisputed. The primary issue revolved around the interpretation of the term "building" under section 32 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The revenue contended that buildings eligible for depreciation must align with those assets capable of being discarded, sold, demolished, or destroyed as per section 41(2) of the Act. The court rejected this argument, emphasizing that driveways and compound walls could meet the criteria of being discarded, sold, demolished, or destroyed. Since the term "building" was not defined in the Act, the court relied on the ordinary sense of the term, considering the purpose for which depreciation is permitted. Reference was made to a Supreme Court case to support this interpretation. The court further analyzed the necessity of driveways and compound walls in the context of the assessee's petroleum business. It was established that these elements were integral parts of the building where the business operations were conducted, particularly for the functioning of petrol pumps. Without driveways and enclosed premises, the petrol pumps would be rendered unusable for business purposes. Therefore, the court concluded that driveways and compound walls qualified for depreciation allowance under section 32 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. In conclusion, the High Court of Calcutta affirmed the Tribunal's decision, ruling in favor of the assessee regarding the eligibility of driveways and compound walls for depreciation allowance. The court answered the referred question in the affirmative, awarding costs of the reference to the assessee. Both judges, Sabyasachi Mukherjee and Sudhindra Mohan Guha, concurred with the judgment.
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