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1. Interpretation of the term 'wholesale cash price' in Section 4 of the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944. Analysis: The appeals before the High Court of Karnataka arose from a common order in two writ petitions. The petitioners, a company engaged in cigarette manufacturing and another manufacturing rubber products, challenged the computation of excise duty by Central Excise Authorities. They argued that certain expenses incurred post-manufacturing should be deducted from the prices at which goods were sold to wholesalers. The Single Judge held that expenses related to marketing, distribution, interest, and freight fall outside manufacturing expenses. He directed the deduction of such expenses before arriving at the wholesale cash price, as per the principles laid down in a Supreme Court case. The Judge quashed the earlier order and notices, instructing the authorities to issue fresh notices considering the deductions. The Union of India appealed this decision. The main issue in the appeals was the interpretation of the term 'wholesale cash price' in Section 4 of the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944. Referring to the Supreme Court case of A.K. Roy v. Voltas Ltd., the Court discussed the concept of wholesale market and the basis for excise duty calculation. The Court clarified that the wholesale price should only include manufacturing cost and profit, excluding selling costs and profits. Items like interest, freight, and other charges should be excluded. The Court affirmed the Single Judge's decision to eliminate expenses related to marketing, interest, and transportation charges from the wholesale cash price. The Judge's direction to consider deducting advertisement expenses traceable to selling operations was also upheld. The Court emphasized that these deductions are illustrative and not exhaustive, and must be made before determining the assessable value under Section 4, clause (b). In conclusion, the High Court dismissed the appeals, affirming the Single Judge's decision. The Court upheld the direction to determine the wholesale cash price after deducting specific expenses incurred post-manufacturing and traceable to selling operations. The judgment emphasized the need to exclude certain expenses before arriving at the assessable value for excise duty calculation under Section 4, clause (b).
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