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Issues:
- Interpretation of the award of back wages by the Labour Court - Judicial review of the Labour Court's decision by the High Court - Application of discretion in awarding back wages - Compliance with Industrial Disputes Act provisions Analysis: 1. The Supreme Court addressed the appeal by the Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research against the Punjab & Haryana High Court's decision. The central issue was whether the Labour Court was justified in awarding 60% of back wages along with reinstatement. The High Court had modified the Labour Court's order, granting full back wages. The Supreme Court considered three separate writ petitions but consolidated them due to common legal and factual questions. 2. The High Court, drawing from previous judgments, emphasized the normal rule of awarding full back wages if the worker is willing to work. The Appellate Court affirmed this position. However, the Supreme Court noted that while the normal rule is full back wages, the discretion lies with the Tribunal or Labour Court, as seen in the Hindustan Tin Works case. The High Court's failure to provide reasons for interfering with the Labour Court's decision was highlighted as a flaw. 3. The Supreme Court reiterated that the Labour Court's decision on back wages is a matter of fact and law, not to be lightly challenged. The Court emphasized that factual findings can only be challenged if there is a misappreciation of evidence, constituting an error of law. The Court referenced the limitations on the High Court's intervention and the need for reasons to challenge the Labour Court's decision. 4. The Court examined previous cases cited by both parties to support their contentions. The judgments in P.G.I.M.E. & Research Chandigarh v. Soma and P.G.I. of M.E. & Research Chandigarh v. Vinod Krishan Sharma were discussed, emphasizing the contextual nature of back wages awards. The Court underscored the discretionary element in awarding back wages and the absence of a fixed formula for such awards. 5. The Court also referenced the decision in Rattan Singh v. Union of India, highlighting the protection of workers under Section 25(B) of the Industrial Disputes Act. The judgment emphasized the need to consider each case's unique circumstances and not apply general principles uniformly. The Court stressed the importance of factual context in determining back wages awards. 6. Ultimately, the Supreme Court allowed the appeals, setting aside the High Court's orders and reinstating the Labour Court's decisions. The Court emphasized the necessity for the High Court to provide reasons for overturning lower court decisions. No costs were awarded in the matter.
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