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Issues Involved:
1. Assumption of jurisdiction for assessments and issuance of notices under Section 148 of the IT Act. 2. Additions on account of unexplained investments. 3. Levy of penalty under Section 271(1)(c) of the IT Act. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Assumption of Jurisdiction for Assessments and Issuance of Notices under Section 148 of the IT Act: The first effective issue relates to the assumption of jurisdiction for the assessments and issuance of notices under Section 148 of the IT Act. The AO initiated proceedings under Section 147 on the grounds that the assessee had made unexplained investments in land purchases during the financial years ending 31st March 1991 and 1992. The AO issued notices under Section 148 for the assessment years 1991-92, 1992-93, 1994-95, and 1995-96. The assessee contended that he was only a power of attorney holder for the actual owners who had shifted to Ghaziabad, and not the owner of the property. The CIT(A) upheld the AO's action for reopening the assessments, relying on the report from the Investigation Wing. However, the Tribunal found that the AO had not provided sufficient evidence or material to justify the reopening of assessments. The Tribunal emphasized that the assessment could not be reopened merely on suspicion and that the AO had failed to establish a direct nexus between the material available and the formation of belief that income had escaped assessment. The Tribunal concluded that the reopening of assessments was illegal and void ab initio, setting aside the CIT(A)'s order and quashing the reassessments. 2. Additions on Account of Unexplained Investments: The AO made additions on account of unexplained investments in the purchase of land and the resultant profit from the sale of constructed flats. The assessee denied ownership of the property and claimed to be only a power of attorney holder. The CIT(A) partially upheld the AO's findings but reduced the cost of acquisition for the purpose of working out the unexplained investment. The Tribunal found that the AO had relied on statements and reports from the Investigation Wing without confronting the assessee or allowing cross-examination. The Tribunal held that the additions were made on the basis of surmises and conjectures, without any material evidence to support the claim that the assessee was the owner of the property. The Tribunal deleted the additions, stating that suspicion could not be the basis for such additions. 3. Levy of Penalty under Section 271(1)(c) of the IT Act: The AO initiated penalty proceedings under Section 271(1)(c) for concealment of income, based on the additions made during the reassessment. The CIT(A) upheld the penalty, but the Tribunal found that since the reassessments were quashed and the additions deleted, there was no basis for the penalty. The Tribunal set aside the CIT(A)'s order and cancelled the penalty imposed under Section 271(1)(c). Conclusion: The Tribunal allowed all the appeals filed by the assessee, quashing the reassessments, deleting the additions, and cancelling the penalties. The Tribunal emphasized the importance of adhering to principles of natural justice and the requirement for the AO to provide sufficient evidence and material before forming a belief that income had escaped assessment.
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