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Issues Involved:
1. Computation of total income for the transitional year 1989-90. 2. Method of calculating the average rate of tax. 3. Procedure for computation of adjusted total income. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Computation of Total Income for the Transitional Year 1989-90: The appeals pertain to the assessment year 1989-90, a transitional year due to amendments in Section 3 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The amended section mandated that all previous years for different sources of income be extended up to 31st March 1989. Consequently, if an assessee had multiple previous years of varying lengths, the previous year for all sources would correspond to the one with the maximum length. For example, if the previous years spanned 12, 15, 16, 20, and 21 months, the previous year for all sources would be considered 21 months. Clause (6) of the 10th Schedule provided the method for computing total income and tax, requiring the total income to be multiplied by a factor where 12 is the numerator and the total number of months in the previous year is the denominator to adjust the total income to a 12-month level. 2. Method of Calculating the Average Rate of Tax: The average rate of tax was to be computed based on the adjusted total income. This rate would then apply to the total income, excluding portions already taxed in the previous year. The Act ensured that income would not be taxed more than once by excluding already taxed income from the computation. The appellants did not dispute the method of total income computation but objected to the procedure for calculating the adjusted total income for the average tax rate. 3. Procedure for Computation of Adjusted Total Income: The Assessing Officer considered the total income from different sources for the entire previous year, corresponding to the source with the maximum length. In cases where income for the fractional period before the 12 months ending on 31-3-1989 was unknown, the Officer added proportional amounts based on the income for the 12 months or the preceding year. The appellants argued that there was no provision in Section 3 or clause (6) of the 10th Schedule for such an increase. They cited a Supreme Court decision (CIT v. J.H. Gotla) and Mehta's Income-tax Ready Reckoner to support their contention that the interpretation should favor the assessee. The Departmental Representative relied on a previous Tribunal decision (K.H. Surendra, Pr. M/s Gayathri Lodge) supporting the Department's stance. The Tribunal found no ambiguity in the Act's provisions and upheld the Assessing Officer's method, stating it was realistic and equitable. The Tribunal reasoned that the entire income for the previous year must be considered, and the Act provided a compensation factor to adjust the total income to a 12-month level. Excluding income already taxed was only relevant after computing the average rate of tax. The Tribunal dismissed the appeals, affirming that the Assessing Officer's procedure was in line with the law, realistic, and avoided absurd results. They noted that the appellants' method could lead to unrealistic and low adjusted total income figures. The Tribunal concluded that the adopted procedure was correct and dismissed the appeals.
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