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Issues:
1. Interpretation of the term 'person who has substantial interest in the company' in relation to section 40(c)(i) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 2. Applicability of provisions of section 40(c)(i) to a company holding substantial interest in another company. 3. Comparison of different Tribunal decisions regarding the interpretation of section 40(c)(i) in similar cases. Detailed Analysis: 1. The judgment pertains to an appeal by an assessee concerning the assessment year 1980-81. The assessee, a company manufacturing trailer tract parts, paid a sum to another company, Larsen & Toubro Ltd., which held substantial interest in the assessee-company. The issue revolved around the application of section 40(c)(i) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, which disallows certain expenditures related to remuneration or benefits to individuals or entities with substantial interest in a company. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) disallowed a portion of the payment made by the assessee to Larsen & Toubro Ltd. under this provision. 2. The Commissioner (Appeals) upheld the ITO's decision, confirming the disallowance under section 40(c)(i) based on Larsen & Toubro Ltd.'s substantial interest in the assessee-company. The assessee contended that the term 'person who has substantial interest in the company' in section 40(c)(i) should be limited to living individuals and not extend to incorporated companies. The assessee argued that since only individuals could have relatives, a company like Larsen & Toubro Ltd. should not fall under this provision. 3. The Appellate Tribunal analyzed the definitions provided in the Income-tax Act, specifically sections 2(31) and 2(32), which define 'person' and 'person who has substantial interest in the company,' respectively. The Tribunal concluded that the definition of 'person' encompassed various entities, including companies, and that the term 'person who has substantial interest in the company' was not limited to living individuals but included entities like companies. Therefore, Larsen & Toubro Ltd., being a holding company with substantial interest in the assessee-company, fell within the ambit of section 40(c)(i), justifying the disallowance of the payment made to it. 4. The Tribunal noted a discrepancy between different Tribunal decisions on the interpretation of section 40(c)(i) in similar cases. However, it emphasized that the specific definitions provided in the Income-tax Act supported the inclusion of companies within the scope of 'person who has substantial interest in the company.' The Tribunal dismissed the appeal, affirming the disallowance under section 40(c)(i) and highlighting the relevance of statutory definitions in interpreting tax provisions. 5. Ultimately, the Tribunal rejected the assessee's argument that only living individuals could be considered under section 40(c)(i) and upheld the disallowance of the payment to Larsen & Toubro Ltd. based on the company's substantial interest in the assessee-company. The judgment clarified the application of tax provisions concerning expenditures related to entities with substantial interests in companies, emphasizing the statutory definitions and the broader interpretation of the term 'person' under the Income-tax Act.
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