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Issues Involved:
1. Accrual of interest income on advances 2. Validity of reversing accounting entries 3. Lifting the corporate veil 4. Legally enforceable right to interest Detailed Analysis: Accrual of Interest Income on Advances: The primary issue was whether interest income amounting to Rs. 46.74,87,123 on advances given to three companies had accrued to the assessee. The Revenue argued that the CIT(A) erred in holding that the interest had not accrued, as the assessee had initially credited the interest in its audited accounts and later reversed the entries. The assessee contended that the interest was not in accordance with the agreements and was disputed by the companies involved. Validity of Reversing Accounting Entries: The Revenue contended that the assessee could not reverse the interest entries after having credited them in its books, which were audited and approved by the board of directors. The CIT(A) held that the entries in the books of account are not decisive or conclusive in determining tax liability, relying on the Supreme Court's decision in Kedarnath Jute Mfg. Co. Ltd., which states that taxability depends on the legal right to receive the amount, not merely on the entries in the books. Lifting the Corporate Veil: The AO argued that the same individuals controlled both the assessee and the three companies, suggesting that the transactions were not at arm's length and the agreements were a facade. The CIT(A) rejected this argument, noting that more than 50% of the shares were held by public financial institutions, and the companies operated as independent entities. The Tribunal upheld this view, stating that lifting the corporate veil was not justified in this case. Legally Enforceable Right to Interest: The CIT(A) and Tribunal both emphasized that for income to be taxable, there must be a legally enforceable right to receive it. The agreements specifically stated that no interest would accrue on the advances. The Tribunal noted that the other companies had not acknowledged any liability for interest, and their accounts, finalized before the assessee's, did not include provisions for such interest. Therefore, there was no legally enforceable right to interest, and the unilateral claim by the assessee did not constitute actual accrual of income. Conclusion: The Tribunal dismissed the Revenue's appeal, upholding the CIT(A)'s decision that the interest income had not accrued to the assessee. The reversal of accounting entries was justified as there was no legally enforceable right to the interest, and the corporate veil could not be lifted to attribute the interest income to the assessee. The decision relied on established legal principles that taxability depends on the legal right to receive income, not merely on accounting entries.
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