Article 27 - Exchange of information - Mongolia

ARTICLE 27 EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION 1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information (including documents) as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of the Agreement or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Agreement insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Agreement, in particular for the prevention of fraud or evasion of such taxes. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State. However if the information is originally regarded as secret in the transmitting State, it shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including Courts and Administrative bodies) involved in the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes which are the subject of the Agreement. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public courts proceedings in judicial decisions. The competent authorities shall through consultation, develop appropriate conditions, methods and techniques concerning the matter in respect of which such exchange of information shall be made, including, where appropriate, exchange of information regarding tax avoidance. 2. The exchange of information or documents shall be either on a routine basis or on request with reference to particular cases or both. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall agree from time to time on the list of the information or documents which shall be furnished on a routine basis. 3. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation: (a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and the administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State ; (b) to supply information or documents which are not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State ; (c) to supply information which would disclose any trade business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy.