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TMI BlogHousehold Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2023-24X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2023-24 - News and Press Release Dated:- 28-12-2024 - News - Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2023-24 - - - Dated:- 28-12-2024 - Sustained momentum in rural consumption continues as urban-rural gap narrows down further in 2023-24 from the level of 2022-23 Introduction The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) decided to conduct two consecutive surveys on household consumption expenditure during 2022-23 and 2023-24, once situation normalized after the Covid-19 pandemic. The first survey was conducted during the period August 2022 to July 2023 and the summary results of the survey in the form of a factsheet was released in February 2024. Subsequently, the detailed repor ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... t and the unit level data of the survey was released in June 2024. The fieldwork of the second survey on the subject has been undertaken during August 2023 to July 2024 throughout the entire country. The summary results of the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2023-24 (HCES:2023-24) has been prepared at state and broad item groups level and is being released in the form of a factsheet. The factsheet of HCES:2023-24 is available in the website of the Ministry ( https://www.mospi.gov.in ). HCES is designed to collect information on consumption and expenditure of the households on goods and services. The survey provides data required to assess trends in economic well-being and to determine and update the basket of consumer goods and se ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... rvices and weights used for the calculation of the Consumer Price Index. Data collected in HCES is also used to measure poverty, inequality, and social exclusion. The Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) compiled from HCES is the primary indicator used for most analytical purposes. The estimates of MPCE of 2023-24 are based on the data collected from 2,61,953 Households (1,54,357 in rural areas and 1,07,596 in urban areas) in the central sample spread over all States and Union Territories in the country. As in HCES:2022-23, in HCES:2023-24 also two sets of estimates of MPCE have been generated: (i) without considering imputed values of items received free of cost by the households through various social welfare programmes and ( ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ii) considering imputed values of items received free of cost by the households through various social welfare programmes. The first set of estimates are presented in Section A while the second ones are presented in Section B [i] . Important Findings of HCES: 2023-24 The average MPCE in rural and urban India in 2023-24 has been estimated to be Rs. 4,122 and Rs. 6,996, respectively without taking into account of the values of items received free of cost by the households through various social welfare programmes. Considering the imputed values of items received free of cost through various social welfare programmes, these estimates become Rs. 4,247 and Rs. 7,078 respectively, for rural and urban areas. In nominal prices, the average MPCE (wi ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... thout imputation) in 2023-24 increases by about 9% in rural areas and 8% in urban areas from the level of 2022-23. The urban-rural gap in MPCE has declined to 71% in 2022-23 from 84% in 2011-12. It has further come down to 70% in 2023-24 that confirms sustained momentum of consumption growth in rural areas. When ranked by MPCE, the increase in the average MPCE in 2023-24 from the level of 2022-23 has been the maximum for the bottom 5 to 10 % of India s population, for both rural and urban areas. Consistent with the trend observed in HCES:2022-23, non-food items remain the major contributor to the household s average monthly expenditure in 2023-24 with about 53% and 60% share in MPCE in rural and urban areas respectively. Beverages, refreshm ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ents and processed food continues to have the major expenditure share in 2023-24 in the food items basket of the rural and urban households. Conveyance, clothing, bedding footwear, miscellaneous goods entertainment and durable goods have major expenditure share in non-food expenditure of the households in both rural and urban areas. Rent consisting of house rent, garage rent and hotel accommodation charges with about 7% share is another major constituent of the urban households non-food expenditure. Consumption inequality, both in rural and urban areas has declined from the level of 2022-23. The Gini coefficient has declined to 0.237 in 2023-24 from 0.266 in 2022-23 for rural areas and to 0.284 in 2023-24 from 0.314 in 2022-23 for urban are ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... as. A Estimates of MPCE (without considering imputed values of items received free of cost through various social welfare programmes in HCES:2023-24) The values of average MPCE for HCES:2023-24, HCES:2022-23 (for both without considering the imputed values of the items received free of cost through social transfer) and NSS 68 th (2011-12) rounds at all-India level at current prices and at 2011-12 prices are given in Table 1 below: Table 1: Average MPCE (Rs.) at current Prices and 2011-12 prices Survey Period at current Prices at 2011-12 Prices Rural Urban Rural Urban HCES: 2023-24 Aug 2023- Jul 2024 4,122 6,996 2,079 3,632 HCES: 2022-23 Aug 2022- Jul 2023 3,773 6,459 2,008 3,510 68 th round (2011-12) Jul 2011-Jun 2012 1,430 2,630 1,430 2,63 ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... 0 Variation in MPCE across fractiles classes Besides, the all-India average MPCE, average MPCE over fractile classes of MPCE compiled from the data collected in HCES: 2023-24 at current prices are shown below in Figure 1. For any fraction f (0 f 1), the corresponding fractile of the distribution of MPCE ( Y ) is the level of MPCE, say, Y f such that the proportion of population whose household MPCE lies below Y f is f . The bottom 5% of India s rural population, ranked by MPCE, has an average MPCE of Rs. 1,677 while it is Rs. 2,376 for the same category of population in the urban areas. The top 5% of India s rural and urban population, ranked by MPCE, has an average MPCE of Rs. 10,137 and Rs. 20,310, respectively. Average MPCE in 2023-24 ha ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... s increased the most (22%) from the level of 2022-23 for the bottom 5% of India s rural population when ranked by MPCE and for the corresponding segment of urban population the growth has been about 19% during the same period. Figure 1: Average MPCE value for different fractile classes of MPCE Variation in MPCE among the States and Union Territories Among the States, MPCE is the highest in Sikkim (Rural Rs. 9,377 and Urban Rs. 13,927) and it is the lowest in Chhattisgarh (Rural Rs. 2,739 and Urban Rs. 4,927). Among the UTs, MPCE is the highest in Chandigarh (Rural Rs. 8,857 and Urban Rs. 13,425), whereas it is the lowest in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (Rs. 4,311) and Jammu and Kashmir (Rs. 6,327) in rural and urban areas, respe ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ctively. The rural-urban difference in average MPCE among the states is the highest in Meghalaya (104%) followed by Jharkhand (83%) and Chhattisgarh (80%). Average MPCE in 9 out of 18 major states is higher than the all-India average MPCE in both rural and urban areas. The relative position of major states in terms of MPCE with regard to all-India MPCE is shown in Figures 2 3. Consumption Behavior of the Indian Households Across all the States and UTs, the households are observed to spend more on non-food items with share of non-food items in average MPCE being 53% and 60% in rural and urban areas, respectively. The major contributors in the non-food expenditure of the households in 2023-24 have been: (i) Conveyance, (ii) clothing, bedding ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... footwear, (iii) miscellaneous goods entertainment and (iv) durable goods durable goods. Rent with a share of around 7% is another major constituent of households non-food expenditure in urban India. As in 2022-23, beverages and processed food continues to be the major contributor in total consumption expenditure of food items in 2023-24, followed by milk milk products and vegetables. A comparison of contribution of different item categories in the total consumption expenditure of the households in rural and urban areas for 2022-23 and 2023-24 is shown in Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7. Estimates of MPCE (considering imputed values of items received free of cost through various social welfare programmes in HCES: 2023-24 @ ) The values of average MPCE ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... for HCES:2023-24, HCES:2022-23 (for both considering imputed values of items received free of cost through social transfer) and NSS 68 th (2011-12) rounds at all-India level at current prices and at 2011-12 prices are given in Table 2 below: Table 2: Average MPCE with imputation (Rs.) at current Prices and 2011-12 prices Survey Period at current Prices at 2011-12 Prices Rural Urban Rural Urban HCES: 2023-24 Aug 2023- Jul 2024 4,247 7,078 2,142 3,674 HCES: 2022-23 Aug 2022- Jul 2023 3,860 6,521 2,054 3,544 68 th round (2011-12) Jul 2011-Jun 2012 1,430 2,630 1,430 2,630 Variation in MPCE among the States and Union Territories Among the States, MPCE (considering imputed values of items received free of cost through various social welfare prog ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... rammes) is the highest in Sikkim (Rural Rs. 9,474 and Urban Rs. 13,965) and it is the lowest in Chhattisgarh (Rural Rs. 2,927 and Urban Rs. 5,114). Among the UTs, MPCE is the highest in Chandigarh (Rural Rs. 8,857 and Urban Rs. 13,425), whereas it is the lowest in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (Rs. 4,450) and Jammu and Kashmir (Rs. 6,375) in rural and urban areas, respectively. The relative position of major states in terms of MPCE with regard to all-India MPCE is shown in Figures 8 9. [i] @ In HCES:2023-24, the usual practice of imputation of the value figures for consumption out of (i) home-grown/home-produced stock and (ii) gifts, loans, free collection and goods received in exchange of goods and services etc. has been continu ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ed; and accordingly, estimates of MPCE have been generated. These are presented in section A. A provision for collection of information on the quantity of consumption for a number of items, received and consumed by the households free of cost through various social welfare programmes has been made in HCES:2022-23 and continued in HCES:2023-24. Consequently, the value figures for (i) food items: Rice, Wheat/Atta, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Ragi, Barley, Small Millets, Pulses, Gram, Salt, Sugar, Edible Oil and (ii) non-food items: Laptop/PC, Tablet, Mobile Handset, Bicycle, Motor Cycle/Scooty, Clothing (school uniform), Footwear (school shoe etc.) received free of cost by the households through these programmes, have been imputed using an appropria ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... te method. Accordingly, another set of estimates of MPCE considering imputed values of these items and of consumption out of home produce, free collection, gifts, loans etc. has also been compiled for HCES: 2023-24. These estimates are presented in Section B. Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojna (PM-JAY) or any other similar state specific schemes provide cashless access to health care services to the beneficiaries at the point of service delivery, i.e., the hospital and the beneficiary does not have any information on the cost of the services availed. For such schemes, entire premium is borne by the Government and the beneficiary makes no contribution. Since HCES is not a record-based survey, often it is not possible to ascertain the exact ail ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ment or disease for which the benefit has been availed. Hence, in view of the complexity and appropriateness involved in imputation of the expenditure for such services, no attempt has been made to impute the expenditure of health services availed by the households free of cost. For similar reasons, the expenditure for free education services (i.e., reimbursement/waiver of school or college fees) has also not been imputed. - - News - Press release - PIB Tax Management India - taxmanagementindia - taxmanagement - taxmanagementindia.com - TMI - TaxTMI - TMITax ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X
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