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The judgment involves the issue of whether the modification of a plant for environmental reasons constitutes substantial expansion for the purpose of concessional duty rates under Heading 84.66 CTA, 1975. Summary: The appellant, a public limited company engaged in the manufacture of titanium dioxide, sought to convert their 300 tpd sulphuric acid plant from single absorption type to double catalysts-double absorption type to increase plant capacity and reduce air pollution. The conversion led to a 50% increase in plant capacity and a substantial reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions. The appellant applied for registration of the contract under Project Import Regulation, 1965, which was rejected by the Assistant Collector and subsequently by the Collector of Customs (Appeals) Madras, leading to the appeal before the Tribunal. The lower authorities held that the imported goods were for plant modification to avoid environmental pollution, not for initial setup or substantial expansion, thus not qualifying for concessional duty rates under Heading 84.66 CTA, 1975. The appellant argued that the conversion constituted substantial expansion related to existing production, not just installed capacity, citing a previous case. The Revenue contended that the replacement of the plant did not amount to substantial expansion as per established interpretations. The Tribunal, after considering arguments from both sides, relied on previous judgments to conclude that the conversion of the plant did not constitute substantial expansion as required for concessional duty rates. The Tribunal noted that the issue had been settled in previous cases against the appellant, leading to the rejection of their appeal.
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