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Issues Involved:
1. Disallowance of lease rent and interest on late payment of lease rent. 2. Addition of Modvat Credit to closing stock. 3. Disallowance of front-end fees. 4. Disallowance of payment to Mahanagar Gas Limited. 5. Disallowance of expenditure on new product development. 6. Disallowance under section 43B for late payment of PF and ESIC contributions. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Disallowance of Lease Rent and Interest on Late Payment of Lease Rent: The assessee company, engaged in manufacturing and trading of Borosilicate Glass, had taken plant and machinery on lease from financial institutions and sub-leased it to its subsidiary, Gujarat Borosil Ltd. (GBL). The Assessing Officer disallowed the difference between the lease rent paid and received, arguing that the expenditure was not incurred wholly and exclusively for the business of the assessee, but for the subsidiary. The Tribunal found that the lease transactions were entered into due to commercial expediency and the overall recovery was more than the lease rent paid. The concept of Net Present Value (NPV) was deemed irrelevant for deductibility of expenditure. The Tribunal concluded that the expenditure was incurred wholly and exclusively for the business of the assessee and allowed the deduction. 2. Addition of Modvat Credit to Closing Stock: The assessee had been valuing closing stock net of Modvat, which was accepted by the department in previous years. However, for the assessment year 1999-2000, the CIT(A) upheld the addition of unutilized Modvat credit to closing stock, citing section 145A of the Income-tax Act, applicable from April 1, 1999. The Tribunal remanded the matter back to the Assessing Officer to re-examine the issue in light of the Supreme Court decision in Indo Nippon Chemicals Co. Ltd. 3. Disallowance of Front-End Fees: The assessee incurred front-end fees for obtaining loans for working capital and modernization. The Assessing Officer disallowed the expenditure, treating it as capital in nature. The Tribunal, relying on the Supreme Court decision in India Cements Ltd., held that the expenditure was revenue in nature as it was incurred for securing the use of money for a certain period. The Tribunal allowed the deduction of front-end fees as revenue expenditure. 4. Disallowance of Payment to Mahanagar Gas Limited: The assessee incurred expenses for laying a pipeline for the supply of natural gas, which was owned and maintained by Mahanagar Gas Ltd. The Assessing Officer treated the expenditure as capital in nature. The Tribunal, citing various case laws, including the Supreme Court decision in Associated Cement Companies Ltd., held that the expenditure was revenue in nature as it was incurred to save recurring fuel costs. The Tribunal allowed the deduction. 5. Disallowance of Expenditure on New Product Development: The assessee incurred expenses on experiments for producing new glass products. The Assessing Officer treated the expenditure as capital in nature. The Tribunal, referring to the Supreme Court decision in State Bank of India, held that the expenditure was revenue in nature as it was incurred during the continuation of business for new product development. The Tribunal allowed the deduction. 6. Disallowance under Section 43B for Late Payment of PF and ESIC Contributions: The Assessing Officer disallowed the contributions towards PF and ESIC as they were paid beyond the due dates. The Tribunal, following the decision in Fluid Air (India) (P.) Ltd., directed the Assessing Officer to verify if the contributions were made within a reasonable grace period and allowed the deduction accordingly. Conclusion: The Tribunal allowed the appeals on the grounds of lease rent, front-end fees, payment to Mahanagar Gas Ltd., and new product development expenses, while remanding the Modvat credit issue for re-examination. The disallowance under section 43B was partly allowed for statistical purposes.
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