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Issues:
1. Refund of cess paid beyond the reduced rate notification date. 2. Applicability of limitation period for filing refund applications. 3. Validity of protest against levy for refund claims. 4. Interpretation of duty payments under protest. 5. Applicability of statutory time limit for unauthorized levies. 6. Claim for interest on delayed refund. Analysis: 1. The appellants, Export Oriented Units, exported meat products and paid cess even after the rate was reduced to 0% on 17th January 2001. Subsequently, they filed refund applications for the cess paid between April 13, 2001, and 19th February 2002. The Customs issued a show cause notice proposing to deny part of the refund claims as time-barred under the Customs Act, requiring refund applications to be filed within six months. 2. The lower authorities rejected the appellants' contention that the limitation period should not apply as the cess payments were made under protest. They held that refund claims filed beyond the statutory limitation cannot be maintained. The Commissioner (Appeals) doubted the authenticity of the protest letter and stated that protesting against the levy of cess does not fall under the protest contemplated in Section 27 of the Customs Act. 3. The appellants argued that their protest letter against the levy should be considered as payment of duty under protest, citing various judgments in support of their contention. However, the JCDR contended that the protest under Section 27 is against assessment, not the levy itself. He emphasized that the letter requesting the abolishment of the levy cannot be categorized as a protest against the payment of duty. 4. The Tribunal agreed with the revenue authorities, confirming that the protest was against the levy, not a specific assessment. They noted that no protest was made after the cess was abolished, and the letter of 3rd January 2001 was against the levy of duty, not the payment of duty under protest as per the scheme of Section 27. 5. Regarding the applicability of the statutory time limit to unauthorized levies, the Tribunal upheld that tax statutes like the Customs Act are self-contained codes with specific provisions for levy, collection, and refund of duties. They cited the judgment of the Supreme Court to support the application of statutory time limits even to cases of illegal levies. 6. The Tribunal allowed the appeals to the extent of the claim for interest on the delayed refund, directing the lower authorities to grant interest as per the provisions of Section 27. The judgment emphasized the importance of adhering to statutory time limits and the distinction between protesting the levy and protesting the assessment for refund claims.
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