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Whether a hotel building owned by the assessee constitutes plant within the meaning of section 43(3) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, and whether the assessee is entitled to depreciation thereon at the rate as admissible on the plant. Analysis: The judgment of the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir pertained to a reference under section 256(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, where the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal referred the question of law regarding the classification of a hotel building as a plant for depreciation purposes. The assessee claimed the hotel building was a plant and machinery, seeking higher depreciation rates. The Income-tax Officer initially rejected this claim, treating the building as a building and not a plant, resulting in nil income assessment. The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) later accepted the contention that the hotel building was a tool of the trade and, therefore, a plant. The Tribunal upheld this decision, leading to the reference to the High Court by the Revenue. The High Court considered various judgments from different High Courts on whether a hotel building could be classified as a plant for depreciation purposes. The Supreme Court's decision in CIT v. Anand Theatres (2000) was pivotal in settling the controversy. The Supreme Court held that a building used as a hotel or cinema theater cannot be considered as a plant for depreciation purposes. The Court emphasized the legislative scheme under section 32, which treats buildings and plants separately for depreciation purposes, granting higher rates to machinery and plant compared to buildings. The Supreme Court's interpretation of the term 'plant' as per section 43(3) of the Act was crucial in determining that a building used for hotel or cinema businesses does not qualify as a plant for depreciation purposes. The Court clarified that such buildings serve as shelters or homes for conducting business activities and are not apparatuses for running the business. The Court referenced international case law to support its conclusion that even luxury hotel buildings remain buildings and not plants for depreciation purposes. Based on the Supreme Court's decision in CIT v. Anand Theatres (2000), the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir concluded that the hotel building in question did not qualify as a plant within the meaning of section 43(3) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Therefore, the assessee was not entitled to depreciation at the rate applicable to plants. The reference was answered in favor of the Revenue, aligning with the Supreme Court's interpretation and settling the issue definitively. In summary, the judgment clarified the classification of hotel buildings for depreciation purposes, emphasizing the distinction between buildings and plants under the Income-tax Act, 1961, based on the Supreme Court's decision in CIT v. Anand Theatres (2000).
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