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Issues:
1. Application under section 256(2) for requiring the Tribunal to state the case and refer the question of law arising out of its order. 2. Imposition of penalty under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act for concealment of income. 3. Tribunal's decision on whether concealment of income by wholesale dealers justifies penalty imposition. 4. Refusal by the Tribunal to make a reference based on the ground of factual appreciation. 5. Determination of whether non-disclosure of income due to compulsion can be considered bona fide under the Income-tax Act. Analysis: 1. The case involved an application under section 256(2) where the respondent-assessee, a firm dealing in cigarettes, sought a reference of a question of law arising from the Tribunal's order in an income tax assessment case. The Tribunal initially refused the reference application, leading to the High Court's intervention. 2. The assessment revealed that the assessee confirmed additional income for two assessment years due to charging "on money" not accounted for in the books. The Assessing Officer initiated penalty proceedings under section 271(1)(c) for concealment, leading to the imposition of a penalty for one of the assessment years. The penalty was later canceled by the Deputy Commissioner (Appeals), a decision upheld by the Tribunal. 3. The Tribunal's decision to cancel the penalty was based on the premise that though concealment of income was evident, the wholesale dealers were compelled to charge "on money" for the principal's benefit and sales promotion. The Tribunal found the dealers' conduct to be bona fide in the interest of their business, thus not warranting a penalty under section 271(1)(c). 4. The Department filed a reference application under section 256(1) to challenge the Tribunal's decision. The Tribunal, in its order, refused to make a reference, citing that the finding was based on factual appreciation and did not give rise to a question of law. This refusal was contested before the High Court. 5. The High Court, after considering the arguments, found that the Tribunal erred in treating the question arising from its order as a question of fact. It emphasized that the issue of non-disclosure of income due to compulsion raised legal questions regarding the bona fide nature of such actions under the Income-tax Act. The High Court directed the Tribunal to refer the question of law concerning the justification of non-disclosure based on compulsion as a bona fide act. This comprehensive analysis of the judgment highlights the key legal issues, the sequence of events, and the reasoning behind the High Court's decision to direct the Tribunal to refer the question of law for further consideration.
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