1973 (12) TMI 81 - HC - VAT and Sales Tax

Summary

Issues Involved:
1. Whether the transaction under consideration constitutes a sale.
2. Whether the transaction is liable to be assessed under the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956.

Detailed Analysis:

Issue 1: Whether the transaction under consideration constitutes a sale.
The High Court of Patna examined whether the transactions involving the supply of beryl and columbite minerals by the assessee-company to the Government of India constituted a sale. The court noted that the supply was controlled under the Atomic Energy Act, 1948, and various orders issued by the Atomic Energy Department. The assessing officer initially determined that the transactions amounted to sales within the meaning of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956, and this view was upheld through various stages of appeal and revision.

The court further considered the agreement dated 15th October 1958, between the assessee and the Atomic Energy Department, where the assessee was described as the seller and the department as the buyer. The agreement contained clauses that allowed the buyer to reject the consignment and recover expenses, indicating elements of a sale.

The Tribunal and the court also reviewed a certificate dated 27th March 1963, which stated that the extraction, storage, and supply of beryl and columbite were under the direct control of the Government of India and that these materials could not be sold to anyone else without government permission. Despite these controls, the court found that a significant degree of contractual freedom remained, allowing the assessee to choose whether to enter into the transaction.

The court referenced multiple Supreme Court decisions, including Salar Jung Sugar Mills Ltd. v. State of Mysore, which established that statutory orders regulating supply and distribution do not entirely eliminate the freedom to enter into contracts. The court concluded that the transactions in question maintained enough elements of volition and agreement to be considered sales.

Issue 2: Whether the transaction is liable to be assessed under the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956.
The court analyzed whether the transactions were subject to assessment under the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956. The court noted that the assessee failed to provide evidence of compulsory acquisition under section 8 of the Atomic Energy Act, 1948. The court emphasized that a forced sale could be equated with compulsory acquisition, but no such compulsion was evident in this case.

The court examined the legal framework and previous judgments, including New India Sugar Mills Ltd. v. Commissioner of Sales Tax, Bihar, and Andhra Sugars Ltd. v. State of Andhra Pradesh. These cases supported the view that statutory compulsion does not negate the existence of a sale if some degree of contractual freedom remains.

The court found that the assessee had the option not to enter into the sale transaction and that no threat of acquisition or legal penalty was evident. Thus, the transactions were voluntary and constituted sales within the meaning of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956.

Conclusion:
The High Court of Patna answered the question of law in the affirmative, holding that the transactions under consideration constituted sales and were liable to be assessed under the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956. The assessee was ordered to pay the costs of the reference, with a hearing fee assessed at Rs. 100.