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Issues Involved:
1. Allowance of bad debts aggregating to Rs. 33,58,678. 2. Exemption of interest of Rs. 3,55,14,746 under section 10(23G). 3. Write off of interest of Rs. 9,35,58,831 in respect of non-performing assets. 4. Treatment of leasehold improvements as capital or revenue expenditure. Detailed Analysis: Issue 1: Allowance of Bad Debts Aggregating to Rs. 33,58,678 The Revenue's appeal contested the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)]'s decision to allow bad debts of Rs. 33,58,678 written off by the assessee. The Assessing Officer (AO) disallowed the claim, reasoning that the assessee had not proven the debt as bad. However, the CIT(A) allowed the claim based on the jurisdictional High Court's ruling in CIT v. Star Chemicals (Bombay) P. Ltd. and the Supreme Court's decision in T. R. F. Ltd. v. CIT, which held that post-April 1, 1989, it is sufficient if the bad debt is written off as irrecoverable in the accounts. The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s order, rejecting the Revenue's ground. Issue 2: Exemption of Interest of Rs. 3,55,14,746 Under Section 10(23G) The assessee claimed exemption under section 10(23G) for interest received from Bharti Mobinet Ltd. and Energy Development Corporation. The AO denied the exemption, arguing that the advances were not classified as investments and the companies did not invite an open offer for long-term investments. The CIT(A) allowed the claim, noting that the exemption had been granted in previous years and the definition of long-term finance includes loans or deposits with a holding period of more than five years. The Tribunal agreed, stating that the assessee satisfied the conditions for exemption under section 10(23G) and that the AO's reasons were not supported by the Act. The Tribunal dismissed the Revenue's ground. Issue 3: Write Off of Interest of Rs. 9,35,58,831 in Respect of Non-Performing Assets The AO disallowed the write-off of interest on non-performing assets (NPAs), arguing that the assessee had not provided sufficient evidence of overdue interest and that the companies were financially sound. The CIT(A) allowed the write-off, citing consistent accounting practices and the recognition of income only after it is recognized from such assets, in line with RBI notifications and Accounting Standard 9. The Tribunal observed discrepancies between the AO's and CIT(A)'s findings and noted the need for proper examination of the facts. The Tribunal restored the issue to the AO for re-examination, directing the AO to verify whether the interest and principal amounts were indeed written off and to give clear findings. Issue 4: Treatment of Leasehold Improvements as Capital or Revenue Expenditure The assessee claimed Rs. 49,88,784 as revenue expenditure for leasehold improvements. The AO treated the entire amount as capital expenditure, while the CIT(A) confirmed Rs. 4,58,400 as capital and disallowed the remaining Rs. 45,30,383, holding that the expenses resulted in enduring benefits and structural changes. The Tribunal noted that the expenses were for renovation and repair, not for creating new assets, and directed the AO to re-examine the details, allowing depreciation on any expenditure considered capital. Conclusion: The Tribunal partly allowed the Revenue's appeal and the assessee's cross-objection, directing re-examination of the write-off of interest on NPAs and the treatment of leasehold improvements. The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s decisions on bad debts and exemption under section 10(23G).
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