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Interpretation of adoption deed and Hindu law regarding the deceased's interest in adoptive father's property. Analysis: The case involved a reference by the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal regarding the deceased's acquisition of interest in the property of the adoptive father. The deceased, adopted by Nathu Ram, was stipulated to inherit the property only after the death of Nathu Ram and his wife. The Assistant Controller of Estate Duty initially rejected the claim, arguing that the adoption was completed in 1968, and the deceased had a share in the family property. The appellate authority upheld this decision. However, the Tribunal, relying on Hindu Law principles, interpreted the adoption deed to mean that the deceased had no right in the property until the adoptive mother's death, reversing the finding and deleting the addition to estate duty. The High Court highlighted that the Tribunal erred by not considering the provisions of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, applicable at the time of adoption. Section 10 of the Act prohibits the adoption of individuals above 15 years, unless there is a custom permitting it. The adoption deed stated the deceased's age as 40 at the time of adoption, violating this provision. The Court emphasized that the Tribunal's reliance on outdated Hindu Law principles was misplaced, leading to a misdirection in the judgment. As a result, the Court concluded that the issue had fundamentally changed due to the Act of 1956's provisions. It questioned the validity of the adoption deed in light of the Act's restrictions on adopting individuals over 15 years old. The Court noted the absence of findings on any applicable custom or usage permitting such adoptions. Considering the potential impact on the parties' rights and the lack of thorough consideration by the Tribunal, the Court set aside the Tribunal's order and remanded the case for reconsideration in accordance with the relevant legal provisions. In conclusion, the High Court's judgment emphasized the importance of adhering to the statutory requirements of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, in adoption matters, highlighting the need for a fresh assessment based on the Act's provisions rather than outdated legal principles.
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