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- Entitlement to investment allowance under section 32A of the Income-tax Act, 1961 for patterns, dies, and electrical installations. Detailed Analysis: The judgment pertains to a reference under section 256(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, where the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal referred a question of law to the Bombay High Court regarding the entitlement of investment allowance for patterns, dies, and electrical installations. The assessee, a company engaged in manufacturing radiators, claimed investment allowance for these items in its return of income for the assessment year 1979-80. The Income-tax Officer initially rejected the claim, stating that the items did not constitute plant and machinery as they were separable from the plant. However, the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) allowed the claim, noting that the items were used for the business and the assessee was entitled to investment allowance subject to fulfilling conditions set out in section 32A of the Act. The Revenue appealed to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal, which upheld the Commissioner's decision, leading to the reference at the instance of the Revenue. Upon review, the High Court analyzed the provisions of section 32A of the Act, which allowed investment allowance for machinery or plant wholly used for business purposes. The court noted that the Income-tax Officer's rejection was based on the separability of patterns and dies from the plant, which was deemed incorrect. Referring to the Supreme Court's interpretation of "plant" in Scientific Engineering House P. Ltd. v. CIT [1986] 157 ITR 86, the court emphasized that plant includes any object used in carrying on a business, not limited to mechanical apparatus. Applying this test, the court concluded that patterns, dies, and electrical installations fell within the definition of "plant." The court highlighted that the Income-tax Officer's understanding of "installed" in section 32A was flawed, as it did not require fixed positioning but rather placement for service or use. Citing precedents such as CIT v. Mir Mohammad Ali [1964] 53 ITR 165 and CIT v. Baker Mercer India P. Ltd. [1992] 196 ITR 667, the court clarified that "installed" should be interpreted as induction or introduction of an apparatus. Consequently, the court ruled in favor of the assessee, affirming their entitlement to investment allowance for patterns, dies, and electrical installations. The question posed was answered in the affirmative, and the reference was disposed of with no costs awarded.
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