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Interpretation of deduction under section 80HH of the Income-tax Act, 1961 for a newly established industrial undertaking in a backward area. Detailed Analysis: The judgment by the High Court of Madras involved the interpretation of the deduction under section 80HH of the Income-tax Act, 1961 for a newly established industrial undertaking in a backward area. The Appellate Tribunal referred a question of law regarding the computation of the deduction under section 80HH for the assessment years 1979-80 and 1980-81. The key issue was whether the deduction should be calculated based on the gross profit of the new industrial undertaking without setting off earlier losses, as claimed by the assessee, or whether the deduction should be allowed only on the net income of the business after deducting losses as held by the Income-tax Officer and Commissioner (Appeals). The assessee, engaged in the manufacture and sale of industrial belts, claimed a deduction under section 80HH at 20% of the disclosed income for the assessment year 1979-80. The Income-tax Officer, however, deducted business losses, unabsorbed investment allowance, and depreciation carried forward from earlier years before allowing the deduction under section 80HH. This resulted in a net taxable income for the year. The Commissioner (Appeals) upheld this approach, stating that set-off of earlier losses is necessary in computing income for section 80HH relief. The Income-tax Appellate Tribunal, referring to its earlier order in a similar case, emphasized the priority of allowances and deductions before granting relief under section 80HH. The Tribunal highlighted the objective of section 80HH to encourage industries in backward areas and held that allowing deductions on gross profit without setting off past losses would align with this objective. The Tribunal directed the Income-tax Officer to recompute the relief for the subsequent assessment year based on this interpretation. The High Court considered previous decisions by other High Courts and the interpretation of section 80B(5) of the Act in the context of granting deductions under Chapter VIA. The court concluded that the deduction under section 80HH should be granted following the procedures outlined in section 80B(5) of the Act, which includes computing the gross total income before allowing deductions. Therefore, the court held that the Tribunal's approach of granting the deduction on gross profit without setting off earlier losses was incorrect. The common question of law was answered in the negative and in favor of the Revenue, indicating that the deduction under section 80HH should be computed after considering the net income of the business. In conclusion, the judgment clarified the methodology for calculating the deduction under section 80HH for a newly established industrial undertaking in a backward area, emphasizing the importance of following the prescribed procedures and considering the net income of the business after setting off earlier losses.
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