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Issues Involved:
1. Constitutionality of Sections 57A and 57B of the Abkari (Amendment) Act, 1984. 2. Competence of the State Legislature to enact the Amendment Act. 3. Validity of the presumption under Section 57A(5) in light of Articles 14, 20(3), and 21 of the Constitution. 4. Validity of Section 57B regarding compensation. Summary: 1. Constitutionality of Sections 57A and 57B of the Abkari (Amendment) Act, 1984: The appellants, licensees of retail shops selling arrack or Indian made foreign liquor, challenged the constitutionality of Sections 57A and 57B, which were upheld by the Kerala High Court. These sections deal with the adulteration of liquor with noxious substances and impose severe penalties, including imprisonment and fines. 2. Competence of the State Legislature to Enact the Amendment Act: The Supreme Court held that the State Legislature was competent to enact the Amendment Act under Entry 8 of List II - State List of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution, which empowers the State Legislature to enact laws relating to intoxicating liquors. The Court stated that the language of an entry should be given the widest meaning fairly capable to meet the need of the government, and the initial presumption of constitutionality must be in favor of the legislature. The Court found that the Amendment Act, in its pith and substance, relates to the topic assigned to the State Legislature and is, therefore, valid. 3. Validity of the Presumption Under Section 57A(5) in Light of Articles 14, 20(3), and 21 of the Constitution: The appellants argued that Section 57A(5), which places the burden of proof on the accused, violates Articles 14, 20(3), and 21 of the Constitution. The Court held that the presumption under Section 57A(5) does not violate these Articles. The Court emphasized that the State has the power to regulate the trade in liquor to prevent the mixing of noxious substances, which endangers human life. The Court noted that the burden of proof placed on the accused is not as heavy as that on the prosecution and is consistent with the principles of criminal jurisprudence. The Court upheld the validity of Section 57A(5), stating that it is a special provision to tackle the menace of adulteration and does not offend the constitutional rights of the accused. 4. Validity of Section 57B Regarding Compensation: Section 57B allows the Court to order the licensee to pay compensation to the legal representatives of the deceased or to the person grievously hurt by the consumption of adulterated liquor. The appellants contended that this provision is unfair and violates Articles 14 and 21. The Court held that Section 57B is valid and serves the purpose of mitigating the hardship of the victims. The provision for compensation is a reasonable classification to subserve the social good and does not violate Articles 14 or 21. Conclusion: The Supreme Court dismissed the appeals, upholding the constitutionality of Sections 57A and 57B of the Abkari (Amendment) Act, 1984. The Court found that the provisions are within the legislative competence of the State Legislature and do not violate the constitutional rights of the accused. The appeals were dismissed with costs quantified as Rs. 20,000 in each appeal.
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