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Issues Involved:
1. Validity of the tax on foreign liquor. 2. Excessive delegation of legislative power. 3. Absence of guidelines for the exercise of fiscal power. 4. Procedural fairness in tax imposition. 5. Alleged discrimination in taxation. 6. Double taxation and reasonableness of the tax rate. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Validity of the Tax on Foreign Liquor: The petitioners, all licensees trading in foreign liquor, challenged the tax levied by the Punjab Government at the rate of one rupee per bottle. The tax aimed to replenish municipal resources and discourage excessive consumption of foreign liquor. The court noted that the tax was imposed under the statutory power of the Punjab Municipal Corporation Act, 1976, and was intended to serve the purposes of the Act. The court upheld the tax's validity, emphasizing that it was within the legislative competence and served legitimate state interests. 2. Excessive Delegation of Legislative Power: The petitioners argued that Section 90(2)(b) of the Act suffered from excessive delegation, allowing the government to impose taxes without clear guidelines. The court examined the statutory scheme and found that the delegation was within permissible limits. The legislature had provided sufficient guidance by specifying the purposes for which taxes could be levied and the objects of taxation. The court emphasized that the essential legislative function of determining policy was retained by the legislature, and only the details were delegated to the executive. 3. Absence of Guidelines for the Exercise of Fiscal Power: The petitioners contended that the Act lacked guidelines for exercising fiscal power, making it arbitrary and unreasonable. The court disagreed, highlighting that the Act contained clear directives about the purposes and limits of taxation. The taxes were to be levied for the purposes of the Act, and the funds raised were to be used for municipal functions. The court found that the statutory framework provided sufficient guidance and control over the exercise of fiscal power. 4. Procedural Fairness in Tax Imposition: The petitioners argued that the government should have followed the procedural fairness implied in the Explanation to Section 90(2), which required inviting objections from residents before imposing the tax. The court held that while it might be desirable for the government to consider local sentiments, it was not a constitutional requirement. The absence of a provision for inviting objections did not invalidate the tax notification. 5. Alleged Discrimination in Taxation: The petitioners claimed that taxing only foreign liquor, while excluding other luxury goods or intoxicants, was discriminatory. The court rejected this argument, stating that the state had wide discretion in selecting the objects of taxation. The court found that foreign liquor formed a distinct category, and the flat rate of one rupee per bottle did not violate the principle of equality under Article 14 of the Constitution. 6. Double Taxation and Reasonableness of the Tax Rate: The petitioners argued that the tax amounted to double taxation and was unreasonable due to heavy prior levies. The court dismissed the double taxation argument, stating that there was no constitutional prohibition against it. The court also found that the flat rate of one rupee per bottle was not unreasonable, as it was a minimal rate considering the high range of prices for foreign liquor. The court emphasized that fiscal measures required flexibility and that the taxing authority had the discretion to determine appropriate rates. Conclusion: The Supreme Court dismissed the writ petitions, upholding the validity of the tax on foreign liquor. The court found that the legislative delegation was within permissible limits, the statutory framework provided sufficient guidance, and the tax did not suffer from procedural or constitutional infirmities. The court emphasized the need for flexibility in fiscal measures and the wide discretion of the state in selecting objects of taxation. The notification imposing the tax was held to be valid and enforceable.
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