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Issues Involved:
1. Applicability of Section 40A(8) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, to interest paid to directors and shareholders by a private limited company. Analysis: Issue 1: Applicability of Section 40A(8) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 Facts and Background: The assessee, a private limited company, derived income from property and business in the sale of machinery parts. During the relevant accounting period, the company paid interest amounting to Rs. 66,386 primarily to its directors and shareholders. The Income-tax Officer disallowed Rs. 9,957, i.e., 15% of the interest paid, under Section 40A(8) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The assessee contended that Section 40A(8) was inapplicable since it had not borrowed money from the public. The assessee also cited a Company Law Board clarification and a speech by the Finance Minister to support its position. Tribunal's Decision: The Tribunal, relying on the Finance Minister's speech and Company Law Board's clarification, held that deposits by directors and shareholders were not intended to be covered by Section 40A(8). The Tribunal allowed the appeal and deleted the disallowance made by the Income-tax Officer. High Court's Analysis: The High Court scrutinized Section 40A(8) and its Explanation, which broadly defines "deposit" to include any money borrowed by a company, excluding specific categories not including directors and shareholders. The court emphasized that fiscal laws must be strictly construed, and the language of the statute should be the primary determinant of legislative intent. Interpretation Principles: The court reiterated that external aids such as speeches, Notes on Clauses, and circulars are inadmissible when the statutory language is clear and unambiguous. The court cited several Supreme Court judgments to underline that the legislative intent must be derived from the statutory language itself unless it is ambiguous. Precedents: The court referred to multiple judgments, including: - Agew Steel Manufacturers Pvt. Ltd. v. CIT [1994] 209 ITR 77 (Guj): Held that borrowings from directors are included within the meaning of deposit under Section 40A(8). - CIT v. Gandhi Metals Mills (P.) Ltd. [1993] 200 ITR 252 (Raj): Similar holding regarding borrowings from directors. - CIT v. Jhaveri Bros. and Co. Pvt. Ltd. [1995] 214 ITR 374 (Bom): Interest on credit balances in current accounts of shareholders and directors covered by Section 40A(8). - CIT v. Suman Tea and Plywood Industries (P.) Ltd. [1993] 204 ITR 719 (Cal): Similar holding regarding interest on credit balances. - CIT v. Jain Cables Pvt. Ltd. [1995] 214 ITR 190 (Raj): Interest paid to directors on their deposits in running accounts covered by Section 40A(8). Conclusion: The High Court concluded that the Tribunal erred in its interpretation. The language of Section 40A(8) clearly includes deposits made by directors and shareholders within its ambit. Therefore, the Tribunal's decision was incorrect. The question was answered in the negative, in favor of the Revenue and against the assessee. Final Judgment: The Tribunal was not correct in forming an opinion that the deposits made by the directors and shareholders were not covered by Section 40A(8). The disallowance of Rs. 9,957 made by the Income-tax Officer was upheld.
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