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- Appealability of Income-tax Officer's order under section 3(4) of the Income-tax Act - Validity of plea regarding change of accounting year in an appeal against order of assessment Analysis: The judgment addressed the issue of appealability of the Income-tax Officer's order under section 3(4) of the Income-tax Act. The case involved an assessee who sought to change the accounting year but was rejected by the Income-tax Officer. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner initially held that no appeal lies against the rejection of the request for changing the accounting year. However, the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal overturned this decision, citing conflicting decisions of different High Courts. The Tribunal allowed the appeal, leading to the reference question on the correctness of the Tribunal's decision. The judgment delved into the interpretation of section 246 of the Income-tax Act, which outlines appealable orders. It highlighted that an assessee can challenge the order of assessment under section 143(3) or section 144 if objecting to the amount of income assessed, tax determined, loss computed, or status under which assessed. The rejection of a request to change the accounting year under section 3(4) was deemed a valid ground for appeal, despite not being an appealable order itself. The judgment drew parallels to the Code of Civil Procedure, suggesting that objections in an appeal need not be limited to orders specifically provided for appeal. The judgment referenced decisions from other High Courts to support its stance. It cited a Punjab High Court case where it was held that no appeal lies against the Income-tax Officer's refusal to change the assessment year. Conversely, a Calcutta High Court case determined that an appeal would lie against such an order under section 3(4) of the Act. The judgment aligned with the Calcutta High Court's view, emphasizing that the determination of the accounting period is integral to the assessment process and can be a valid ground for appeal. In conclusion, the judgment agreed with the Calcutta High Court's interpretation, stating that in an appeal against the order of assessment, various grounds can be raised, even if not arising from an appealable order. It emphasized that the crux of the matter in an appeal is the merit of the grounds in law, not the appealability of each plea. The judgment reframed the question and answered in favor of the assessee, asserting that the Income-tax Officer's order under section 3(4) is assailable in appeal against the order of assessment under section 246 of the Income-tax Act.
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